Phosphorus bụ otu ihe dị mkpa maka ihe ọkụkụ. Ọtụtụ na-ezighi ezi inye ya ọnọdụ nke atọ dị mkpa, mana nke a abụghị eziokwu kpamkpam. N’ezie, akụkụ a enweghị ihe dị oke mkpa karịa nitrogen na potassium; ọ na-ekere òkè na mmeghachi omume metabolic dị iche iche ma na-enye ume ọkụkụ. Phosphorus bụ akụkụ ihe nhazi DNA na RNA, agụnyere ya na ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa maka ndụ zuru oke. Nyere nke a, enwere ike itinye phosphorus na par na nitrogen na potassium, na-enweghị ya, mmepe zuru oke nke ihe ọkụkụ agaghị ekwe omume.
Friji fatịlaịzaỌ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu okwu kpọmkwem banyere fatịlaịza fos, na-aza ajụjụ a "kedu ihe ọ bụ?", Azịza ya ga-abụ ndị a: ndị a bụ nri fatịlaịza site na nhazi dị ka mineral na nnu. Dabere na ihe ọkụkụ toro, mkpụrụ fatịlaịza ndị a chọrọ.
Ọ bụrụ na phosphorus jupụtara na ala, mgbe ahụ, ihe ọkụkụ ga-eto nke ọma, puo, mịa mkpụrụ. N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, a na-ahụkarị mkpofu phosphorus n'ime ala, ma ọ bụrụgodị na ọ bụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara imerụ ahụ. Ihe a bụ na a na - ewere phosphorus dị ka ihe na - apụ apụ nke ahịhịa nwere ike iripịa ala site n'ụdị na ha chọrọ ya.
Kedu ihe dị mkpa fatịlaịza fatịlaịza?
Ntinye nri fatịlaịza na ntanetị, na -eme ka ụba nke ihe a mejupụtara n'ala, ga - eme ka ihe ọkụkụ kwụsie ike, nwekwuo ihe nchebe, ma melite ọdịdị ha. Ọ bụrụ n ’ileghara mmeghe nke phosphorus anya n’ime ala, mgbe ahụ isi ihe ga-abịa bụ akụkụ akụrụngwa ọmụmụ, nke ga-akwụsị ịrụ ọrụ, ma, yabụ, nke a ga-emetụta mmeputakwa. Site na oke nkọ nke phosphorus na osisi, enwere mkpụrụ anaghị ezu, na melons na gourds, uto nke lashes na mkpịsị akwụkwọ akwụsị, mgbe mgbe, osisi na-atụfu ụfọdụ n'ime akwụkwọ, ma ọ bụ ọbụna ihe niile. Cereals anaghị amịpụta mkpụrụ, na-aghọ ahịhịa nkịtị, na ndị ọzọ.
N'ezie, nsonaazụ nke itinye fatịlaịza phosphorus, n'ụzọ ziri ezi karị, ịdị ogo nke mmetụta a, ga-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ụdị ala ahụ. Echefula na phosphorus dị irè na tandem na nitrogen. Mgbe phosphorus na nitrogen juru n'ime ala, ọkachasị ma ọ bụrụ ala ojii, ihe ọkụkụ na-eto ngwa ngwa karịa, ha na-agbasawanye ike na ala, nke na-eme ka nnabata oke ụkọ ha belata ma na-ebelata mkpa ịgbara mmiri ugboro ugboro.
Ọ bụrụ na saịtị gị nwere ahịhịa ọhịa, mgbe ahụ ịkwesịrị iji fatịlaịza mmiri na nitrogen. Ma oburu ozo, oburu na ihe adighi n’ime nitrogen n’ime ala, ageme ka agu ghara iputa ahihia, oburu n’oburu na enwere ahihia di n’ime ala. Na mgbakwunye na ala ọhịa, iwebata nitrogen, yana phosphorus, bara uru na ala nke "ike gwụrụ", infertile na ndị ebe acidity na-aba ụba.
Ihe ịrịba ama nke enweghi site na osisi.
Olee otu esi eme nri fatịlaịza fos?
Mmepụta fatịlaịza nwere phosphorus gụnyere ọtụtụ ọgwụgwọ nke ụdị dịgasị iche iche. Dị ka ị maara, na nchịkọta nke fatịlaịza ndị dị otú ahụ, e nwere ngwaahịa phosphate nkume na ogige ndị ọzọ. Usoro nhazi onwe ya mejuputara nke oma na kewapu ihe otutu di iche n’ite a. Teknụzụ n'onwe ya na-egweri mkpụrụ ọka ahụ n'ụdị ntụ ntụ, na-eme ka ụdị acid dị iche iche ju ya afọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, phosphoric. Ihe na-esote belata phosphate, na njedebe, ọgwụgwọ ọkụ. N’ihi nke a, a na-enweta fatịlaịza dị iche iche nwere phosphorus, nke, dabere n’ihe ha nwere, kewaa ọtụtụ iche.
Usoro nke fatịlaịza phosphate
Udi mbu nri fatịlaịza na-abụ mmiri mmiri. Otu a gụnyere superphosphate, superphosphate abụọ, yana superphosphate. Fatịlaịza ndị a na-akpali uto mgbọrọgwụ ma na-enye aka na nkwalite ha.
Udi abuo - Ndị a bụ fatịlaịza fatịlaịza citrate- na lemon-soluble. Otu a gụnyere nri ọkpụkpụ, iku ume, yana thermophosphate. Ngwakọta ndị a na-adị irè karịchaa tupu ịgha mkpụrụ nke osisi dị iche iche. Nri dị mma maka ime ka ala jupụta n'ala site n’oge nri.
Udi nke ato - Ndị a bụ fatịlaịza soluble fatịlaịza. Otu a gụnyere fatịlaịza dịka ammophos, diammophos, phosphate rock, na vivianite. Ngwakọta ndị a nwere ike ịmekorita ha na acid nitric na sọlfọ acid, ha anaghị emekọrịta ihe na acid adịghị ike.
Ka anyị kwuo banyere fatịlaịza ndị a n'ụzọ zuru ezu ma bido na otu sọks mmiri
Mmiri Phosphate Friji mmiri
Superphosphate
Na mbido na ngere, onye obula nwere superphosphate. Ihe mejupụtara nke superphosphate gụnyere ọtụtụ ihe - ọ bụ monocalcium phosphate, phosphoric acid yana magnesium na sọlfọ. Na ọdịdị, superphosphate bụ ezigbo ntụ ntụ. A na-eji Superphosphate ụdị ahịhịa dị iche iche, n'agbanyeghị na ihe ọkụkụ na-eto na ha. Enwere ike iji ya ma n'ụdị akọrọ ma na etisasịwo; ma na udi ndu ma na ndi ozo. Mmeghe nke superphosphate na-eme ka ihe ọkụkụ ghara ịbawanye mma, na-ebute ihe ọkụkụ na-aba ụba, iguzogide ọrịa na ụmụ ahụhụ, yana obere okpomọkụ.
Tomato bụ ihe kachasị anabata inye nri superphosphate. Mgbe etinyere fatịlaịza a, ha na-eto ngwa ngwa, okooko na-akawanye mma, na kinkability na-abawanye.
Enwere ike ịmebata Superphosphate mgbe a na - akụ - na igwu olulu, oghere, na usoro nke 12-13 ruo 19-21 g kwa osisi. N’ala mmiri na-adịghị mma, maka mmepụta ngwa ngwa site na osisi, ọ dị mkpa itinye fatịlaịza a n’ụdị etisasịworo na mmiri. Ọ bụ ihe amamihe dị na ya ịkagbu ala nke ahịhịa bushes na fatịlaịza a n'oge oge okooko ha.
Dị ka ọ na-adị, ọnụego ngwa ahụ bụ 100 g kwa bọket mmiri, ihe dị ka lita 0,5 na-awụsa n'okpuru osisi ọ bụla.
Ugboro abụọ superphosphate - fatịlaịza a nwere ihe dịka 51% nke phosphorus, nke dị n'ụdị nlebara anya. A na-ejikarị okpukpu abụọ superphosphate dị ka akwa akwa n'oge ọdịda. A na-ebute ya n'okpuru igwu ala n'ime obere obere - naanị 8-10 g nke fatịlaịza ka achọrọ n'otu mita. Na ogbenye Ona, na mgbakwunye na ụbịa ngwa, fertilizing nwekwara ike rụrụ ke ini utọ, ọ na mbụ etisasịwo fatịlaịza na mmiri (10 g kwa liter, liter kwa square mita).
Ugbo elu superphosphate bụ ihe fatịlaịza phosphorus kachasị ọnụ, mana ọnụego ngwa ya pere mpe, yabụ enwere nzọpụta. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eji superphosphate okpukpu abụọ iji na-ata ahịhịa osisi na ahịhịa.
Ngwọta nke fatịlaịza a na-adabere n'ọdịbendị nke etinyere ya. Yabụ, maka ụdị currant, achọrọ 45-55 g nke fatịlaịza, maka raspberries 18-22 g, maka gooseberries 35-45 g, maka mkpụrụ osisi 65-75 g. N'otu oge ahụ, osisi ndị toro eto nke pome na mkpụrụ osisi na-amị mkpụrụ karịa afọ asaa chọrọ ihe dịka 150 -180 g nke fatịlaịza, na ndị na-eto eto (ruo afọ atọ) - ihe dị ka 65-75 g. A na-akọkarị ihe ọkụkụ ozugbo ịkọ, ihe dị ka 18-21 g nke fatịlaịza kwa mpe mpe mpe abụọ.
Gụọ ihe omimi anyị: Superphosphate - uru na ojiji.
Superphos
Nke a fatịlaịza bụ granule nke site na site na phosphorus dị ihe dịka 41%. Fatịlaịza dị mma maka ihe ọkụkụ na ihe ọkụkụ ifuru, mana enwere ike iji ya maka ụdị osisi ndị ọzọ.
Ihe ịrịba ama nke erughi site na nri nri tomato.
Sparingly soluble nri fatịlaịza
Ammophos
Ammophos na-ebu ụzọ, a na-enweta fatịlaịza a site na neutralizing acid phosphoric na ntinye nke amonia. N'ihi ya, isi ihe fatịlaịza bụ phosphorus (ihe karịrị 50%), nitrogen na fatịlaịza ma ọ dịkarịa ala (10-12%), n'agbanyeghị, n'agbanyeghị ntakịrị ego a, nnabata phosphorus site na osisi na-abawanye.
Cucumbers na-emeghachi omume nke ọma na ịmịkọta ammophos; mgbe ha tinyechara fatịlaịza nri, nguzogide ha na ihe ọjọọ gburugburu ha na-abawanye. Nyere na enweghị chlorine na fatịlaịza, nke cucumbers na-adịghị mma, ha agaghị ata ahụhụ chlorosis na mildew powdery. Na mgbakwunye, ihe mejupụtara ammophos enweghị ogige nitrate, ya mere, ọ bụ ọbụna ewu ewu n'etiti ndị na-elekọta ubi.
A na-ewebata Ammophos n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ma jikọta ya na igwu ala, mana enwere ike iji fatịlaịza rụọ ọrụ nke ọma mgbe ị na-akụ osisi (n'ime olulu, na-akụ olulu, wdg). N'ịdị mkpa nke ngwa ngwa, enwere ike iji fatịlaịza a n'oge ọ bụla nke ịkọ ihe ọkụkụ.
A na-etinye ammophos na ego nke 23-28 g kwa mpekere mpekere maka akwụkwọ nri, maka nnukwu ifuru, dị ka Roses ma ọ bụ peonies, nwere ike itinye 25 g kwa otu square, maka obere ifuru (violet abalị na ihe ndị yiri ya), ihe dị ka 6-8 g kwa square. Nwere ike ịkọ ahịhịa site na itinye 17-19 g kwa otu square, na mkpụrụ osisi na-achọ ihe dịka 22-24 g kwa mita.
Elu diamphophos
Aha nke abụọ maka fatịlaịza a bụ ammonium hydrogen phosphate. Ejiri fatịlaịza a na ọ nwere ike melite Njirimara nke ala ma n'otu oge belata acidity ya. Ihe mejupụtara fatịlaịza a bụ ihe karịrị 50% site, ọ na-ejikwa fatịlaịza organic ọ bụla. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-ewere ngwakọta nke diammophos na ụmụ nnụnụ dị ka ezigbo fatịlaịza, agbanyeghị, a ga-agbari fatịlaịza a ugboro 12-14, na-esi ọnwụ ya maka ụbọchị 4-5.
Enwere ike iji diammophos mee ihe maka osisi ọ bụla. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'oge ị na-akụ nduku na olulu mmiri ọ bụla, ị nwere ike wunye otu teaspoon nke fatịlaịza a.
Nyere ọnụnọ nke ammonium hydrogen phosphate na ihe mejupụtara, enwere ike inye ihe ọkụkụ nri tupu ịkọ na ala ma n'oge okooko. Ọtụtụ mgbe ha na-ejikwa akwa mmiri dị elu, ma ị nwere ike ị theụ mmiri ahụ n'okpuru mgbọrọgwụ ma ọ bụ themụọ ha mmiri na mpempe akwụkwọ, ya bụ, dị ka uwe elu nke foliar.
Echefula na mgbe ị na-etinye fatịlaịza mmiri, ọ dị mkpa iji kesaa ifatilaiza n’elu ala nke mere na fatịlaịza agakọghị n’otu ebe.
Ntụ ọka Phosphorite
N’ile anya, fatịlaịza a bụ aja aja ma ọ bụ ntụ ntụ. Uru nke phosphorite ntụ ọka bụ nke na-abụghị hygroscopicity, yabụ, enwere ike idobe ya n'ọtụtụ ebe, na mgbakwunye, fatịlaịza adịghị. Nke a fatịlaịza na-emekọrịta mmanụ acid, nke na-ebute hydrophosphates.
Dika akuku akuku nri, ihe ruru 32% nke foshoho n’ụdị orthophosphate dị.
A na-ejikarị ntụ ọka Phosphorite eme dị ka fatịlaịza bụ isi nke etinyere na ọdịda. A na-egosipụta arụmọrụ kachasị elu site na ngwa nke fatịlaịza na leche chernozems, yana na ahịhịa ọhịa, podzolic na boggy.
Enwere ike agwakọta ntụ ọka Phosphorite na fatịlaịza ndị ọzọ. Ha na - ejikarị ya emepụta ahịhịa ndị sitere na peat na nri ma na - ejikwa ya dịka ndị na - egbochi ihe ndị nwere fatịlaịza.
N'oge nchekwa ya, igwe eji eme ihe anaghị eme ya, ọ dị ọcha, site na gburugburu ebe obibi, nchekwa ahụ adịghị mma ma dịkwa ọnụ ala. Nke a fatịlaịza nwere naanị ndọghachi azụ: mgbe ịwụsa ma na-agbasa ya bụ uzuzu uzuzu.
Vivianite
A na-enweta fatịlaịza a site na mmanụ ọla kọpa dị na apịtị. Nke a na-akọ fatịlaịza nwere ụdị isi awọ ma ọ bụ ntụ ntụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Nri ahụ nwere ihe dị ka 30% phosphorus, mgbe ụfọdụ ntakịrị ihe. Vivianite nwere ike ire ere ma ọ bụ nwee adịghị mma nke peat, nke a na-akpọ peat vivianite, n'ụdị nke phosphorus dị na ya site na 13 ruo 21%. Vivianite na arụ ọrụ na akụrụngwa bụ otu ntụ ọka phosphorite.
Nri nriA na-eji nri mkpụrụ osisi citrate na lemon
Nri nri
A na-enweta fatịlaịza a site na mmebi site na-egweri anụ ahụ nke anụ ụlọ. Dị ka akụkụ nke fatịlaịza phosphorus ruo 62%. Nke a fatịlaịza bụ gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ nweghị ihe ọ bụla adịghị emerụ ahụ.
Enwere ike iji nri nke okpukpu nri mee ihe n'udo iji nweta nri dịgasị iche iche. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eji fatịlaịza a na-enye fodhorus maka poteto, tomato na osisi kukumba. Okooko osisi dị n'ụlọ na osisi okpomọkụ na-enwekwa mkpa iji nri dị okpukpu afọ nri, karịsịa nkwụ dị iche iche, creeper na ficuse na-azaghachi nke ọma na nri dị otú ahụ. Maka osisi dị n'ime ụlọ, ịkwesịrị ịgbanye ngaji atọ nke nri ọkpụkpụ na otu lita mmiri, ego a zuru oke maka ite iri.
Mepụta
Na mpụga, fatịlaịza a bụ ntụ ntụ na-acha ọcha. Nke a na fatịlaịza nwere ike ịnwe site na 24-26 ruo 29-31% phosphorus. Nke a fatịlaịza kwesịrị ekwesị maka ụdị ala ọ bụla na ụdị ahịhịa dị iche iche. Enwere ike iji mkpali mee ihe maka inye fatịlaịza, yana maka ịke akwa.
N'ihe banyere ịdị irè, fatịlaịza a adịghị ala ala ọbụna karịa superphosphate, ma mgbe etinyere ya na ala acidic ọ nwere ike ịka nke ọma na usoro nke ịdị na-ahụ ọkwa pH.
Thermophosphate
Na mmiri thermophosphate site na 13-15 ruo 29-31%, dabere na ụdị ya. Enwere ụdị thermophosphate atọ na mkpokọta - slaghere mepere emeghe, pholufone kọlọtọ na tomosclag.
Epe pere mpe nke phosphorus - 13-15% dị na tomoslag. A na-emepụta ya site na nhazi iron ore. Tomsk slag bụ otu nke fatịlaịza alkaline, yabụ na ọ kacha arụ ọrụ na soils na nnukwu acidity. Ma, enwere ike iji ya rụọ ụdị ala ọ bụla. A na - enweta ihe kachasị mma nke fatịlaịza a site na ịgwakọta ya na ala.
More phosphorus dị na slag ma ọ bụ phosphoshlag na-emeghe-ruo 16%. Nke a fatịlaịza bụkwa ukwuu alkaline na ọ bụ naanị dị mkpa na Ona na elu acidity.
Ihe dị ka phosphoe foduru okpukpu abụọ (ruru 32%). Ọ bụ adịghị ala karịa superphosphate na arụmọrụ na ala chernozem.
Ihe ịrịba ama nke erughi site na nri grapeNgwa Compost
Dịka ị siri mara, osisi n’ime ihe mejupụtara ya nwere ọtụtụ ihe mejupụtara ya, a na-enwe phosphorus, n’agbanyeghi, ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ na-enweghị phosphorus buru ibu, mana enwere ndị nwere oke ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na tomato nke ugwu ash nke phosphorus nkịtị nke dị elu ruo 1.1%, na ahịhịa ndụ nke wormwood, ihe dị ka 1.2%, na mkpụrụ osisi nke hawthorn ihe dị ka 1.3%, na oke ahịhịa nke ahịhịa na-akpata ihe dị ka 1% na ahịhịa ndụ nke ahịhịa na-agbagharị nke thyme banyere 0.8 % Mara nke a, ị nwere ike iji compost nke ahịhịa na mkpụrụ osisi ndị a mepụta fatịlaịza phosphorus dị mma ma zuru oke maka ma osisi ma gburugburu ya.
Kedu ihe na-eme osisi na enweghi phosphorus
Ọtụtụ mgbe, ahịhịa ndụ nke ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ na-agbanwe ndo ya na mbụ ka ọ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, na ọnọdụ na-akawanye njọ, ọ na-agbanwe gaa na-acha odo odo-acha odo odo. Ọkpụkpụ nke akwụkwọ osisi gbanwere, ntụpọ gbara ọchịchịrị na-apụta na mpempe akwụkwọ, mgbe nke ahụ akwụkwọ mpempe akwụkwọ na-adakarị nke ọma tupu oge eruo. Site na nkwusi ike site na phosphorus n'ime ala, osisi dị obere, enweghị mmepe, osisi na-agbanwe n'ime osisi. Mgbakwunye sistemụ osisi na - amalite ime nke ọma.
Ihe na - akpata ụkọ phosphorus
Ọ na --emekarị na phosphorus yiri ka ọ zuru oke n'ime ala, mana ọ bụchaghị nke ọma. Nke a na-eme ala ebe igwe, ahịhịa, ụmụ ahụhụ na kemịkal ndị ọzọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike, ebe ala enweghị microflora n'ezie.Phosphorus na-agbada nke ọma ma ọ bụrụ na a na-akụ ọka na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, na-eji fatịlaịza na nri fatịlaịza na nitrogen, ma ọ bụ mgbe a na-eme naanị otu uwe na-adịghị iche.
Ngwa ziri ezi nke fatịlaịza fatịlaịza
Ọtụtụ mgbe, isi oge eji etinye fatịlaịza phosphate bụ ụbịa. A na-ewebata nri ndị a maka igwu ala, ọ dị mma ịgwakọta ha na ala. Dị ka o kwesịrị, ọ dịghị onye na-amachibido iji fatịlaịza ndị a eme ala ka ọ dị n'oge opupu ihe ubi na ọkọchị, na oge a n'afọ ọ ga-aka aka karịa itinye fatịlaịza mmiri etisasịworo na mmiri kama ịhapụ akọrọ.
