Nitrogen nri

Onye ọ bụla maara: maka ahụ ka ịdị adị, ọnụnọ oxygen, hydrogen, carbon na nitrogen dị mkpa. O doro anya na nitrogen bụ otu n’ime ihe ndị gbara ọkpụrụkpụ na ndụ nke osisi, ụmụ mmadụ na anụmanụ. Maka osisi, isi iyi nke nitrogen bụ ala. Dabere n'ụdị ala ahụ, "mmebi ya", ọnụọgụ nitrogen dị na ya na-agbanwe. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ahịhịa dị iche iche na-enwe ụkọ nitrogen, na-eto na aja aja na aja aja. Ọ bụ ụdị ala ndị a na - achọ ka emewanyewanye nri na nri nitrogen, nke mere na osisi ndị dị na ha nwere mmetụta nkịtị.

Nri nitrogen nwere fatịlaịza.

Ala nitrogen ọdịnaya

Emebere ya na oke ihe dị na nitrogen n'ụwa dị n'ọtụtụ ya bụ nke akpọrọ humus, n'ime ihe kariri 5% nke nitrogen. Dị ka o kwesịrị ịdị, na thicker humus oyi akwa, ukwuu ego nke nitrogen, ya mere, na ala a osisi obi mma.

Humus bụ ihe na-adịgide adịgide, nsị ya bụ nwayọ, yabụ, ịhapụ nsị nke mineral site na akwa a na-emekwa nwayọ. Naanị otu ụzọ n'ime ụzọ ise dị n'ime ala bụ onyinye nwere mmiri nke na-mmiri mmiri, nke pụtara na ọkụkụ ga-enweta ya.

N'ihi nke a, ọbụlagodi ọnụnọ nke humus dị omimi, akwa mgbakwunye maka osisi dị mkpa, ọ bụ ezie na na obere doses.

Kedu ihe kpatara osisi ji achọ nitrogen?

Akụkụ a, ọ gbanwere, ọ bụghị na kọlụm ọ bụla. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enweghi nitrogen na sugars, eriri, mmanụ, na stachi. Enwere nitrogen na amino acid na protein. Nitrogen bụ ihe dị mkpa nke nucleic acid, nke bụ akụrụngwa kachasị nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọ bụla maka ọrụ protein na nnakọta data sitere na ihe nketa (njikota bụ usoro nke ihe nketa eketa ọzọ na nke dị na mkpụrụ ndụ).

Ọbụna chlorophyll, nke a maara iji nyere osisi aka ịmị ike nke anyanwụ, nwekwara nitrogen n'ụdị ya. Na mgbakwunye, nitrogen dị na ihe dị iche iche na-ajụ maka ihe ndị dị ndụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na alkaloids, lipoids na ihe ndị yiri ya.

Ugbo ahihia nile di n elu nwere nitrogen, ma otutu ihe ndia di n’ime akwukwo mbu. Site na ngwụcha nke okooko na mmalite nke etolite nke ovary, ihe a na-aga n'ime akụkụ akụkụ ịmụ nwa ma na-agbakọ ebe ahụ, na-akpụ protein.

N'oge uto mkpụrụ, ana - anara nitrogen site na anụ ahụ na - eto ihe na oke nke ukwuu, ha na - agbadakwa nke ukwuu. Ọ bụrụ na enwere ọtụtụ nitrogen n’ala na osisi ga-erichapụ ya n’ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ buru ibu, mgbe ahụ, a ga-ekesa ihe ọkụkụ a ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ ahụ niile nke ikuku, na-egbu oge na mkpụkọ nke mkpụrụ osisi na mkpụrụ osisi na mbelata mkpụrụ osisi.

Naanị nguzogide ziri ezi n’ime ala n’ime ala nwere ike ime ka mmadụ nwetakwuo ihe n’uru na njiri ngwaahịa zuru oke.

Osisi ndị ahụ na-eri nitrogen n'ụba, ma ọ bụghị karịa, nwere ike ịzụlite nke ọma, wepụta ụyọkọ akwụkwọ nke ahịhịa, nke na-achakarị acha, agba, ma ọ bụghị, ha ga-agwụ wee mepụta ihe ọkụkụ.

Ọkpụkpụ haziri nri fatịlaịza nitrogen (ndabere) ma hazie ya.

Iri nri di iche iche nwere nitrogen

Nitrogen nri bụ ihe nwere mmiri ọgwụ nitrogen. Na mkpokọta, enwere ọtụtụ nchịkọta nri nri nitrogen. Ihe ndị a bụ fatịlaịza nitrate (calcium na sodium nitrate), fatịlaịza ammonium (ammonium chloride na ammonium sulfate), nri ammonium (ammonium nitrate), fatịlaịza amide (urea) na mmiri mmiri nitrogen (mmiri amonia) ma ọ bụ amonia aonia.

Nitrogen nri, nitrate otu

Bido na nitrate nitrate, - Usoro kemịkalụ ya bụ Ca (NO₃) ₂. Na mpụga, sọlfọ nitidi bụ ihe dị ọcha na-ebi n’ime mmiri nke nwere ihe dị n’ime ha ruru ihe dị ka 18%. Nke a fatịlaịza adabara ala O nwere nnukwu acidity. Site na iwebata ihe nke afọ a na-ewebata calcium nitrate n’ime ala nwere nnukwu acidity, a na-ahụkwa oganihu ya na-eme ihe. A na-agbanye sọlfọm amo n'ime mmiri, yabụ ịkwesịrị idobe fatịlaịza na akpa ndị na-anaghị ekwe ka mmiri gabiga.

Mgbe ị na-eme ka nitrate nitrate, ị kwesịrị icheta na agwakọta ya na nri fatịlaịza.

Ihe na -eme fatịlaịza bụ sodium nitrateUsoro kemịkal ya bụ NaNO₃. Nke a na fatịlaịza bụ kristal, ọ nwere obere obere - ihe ruru 17% nitrogen. Sodium nitrate bụ mmiri mmiri nke ukwuu, ọ bụkwa mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi na-abanyekwa gị nke ọma. Nke a fatịlaịza bụ vasatail ma kwesịrị ekwesị maka ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ. Enweghị ike itinye fatịlaịza a n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ: a ga-agbanye nitrogen nke dị n'ime ya nke ọma n'ime mmiri dị n'ime ala.

N'inye onyinye kachasị mma na mmiri na hygroscopicity, a ga-echekwa fatịlaịza a n'ebe kpọrọ nkụ.

Nkpuru nri nke ndi Amer

Otu ozo bu nri ammonium. Ke akpa itie ke otu emi sulfate ammonium, usoro kemịkal ya bụ (NH₄)₂EGO₄. Na mpụga, fatịlaịza a bụ ntụ ntụ na-acha ọcha, nke nwere ntakịrị ihe kariri 20% nitrogen.

Enwere ike iji sulmonium sulfate mee ihe dị ka fatịlaịza nitrogen ma dịkwa ka mgbakwunye dị elu. Enwere ike ịme ntinye nke fatịlaịza n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ: a na-edozi nitrogen site na ya na ala na-enweghị ịsapụ n'ime mmiri mmiri.

Site na iwebata ammonium sulfate n’ime ala kwa afọ, ọ nwere ike ime ala, nke a ga-agwakọta fatịlaịza a na lime ma ọ bụ nzu n’otu ihe abụọ.

Amium sulfate abụghị hygroscopic, yabụ, ịchekwa nsogbu ya anaghị ebilite. Isi ihe ị ga-echeta bụ na enweghị ike itinye fatịlaịza a na mgbakwunye na akwa mkpuchi alkaline ọ bụla, n'ihi na enwere ihe egwu nke iwepu ọrụ nitrogen.

Amonium chloride, - Usoro kemịkalụ ya bụ NH₄Cl. Nke a fatịlaịza nwere ihe dị ka 26% nitrogen. N'èzí, ammonium chloride bụ ntụ ntụ na-acha odo odo. Mgbe ị na-eme chloride ammonium, a na-asachapụ ya na ala, n'oge a na-echekwa fatịlaịza a anaghị achicha ma ọ dịghị achọ ka a na-egweri ya mgbe ọtụtụ afọ echekwara. Nitrogen ewepụtara site na ammonium chloride n'ime ala na-enweta osisi n'ụzọ zuru oke.

Ihe ọghọm dị na fatịlaịza a bụ chlorine dị n'ime ya. Yabụ, mgbe etinyere kilogram 10 nke nitrogen na ala, n'ihe banyere ihe na-arụ ọrụ, ihe dị ka okpukpu abụọ karịa chlorine na-abanye n'ime ala, a na-ahụkwa na ọ bụ nsi maka ọtụtụ osisi. Nyere nke a, iwebata ammonium chloride kwesịrị ka eme ya naanị n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ iji mejupụta akụrụ chlorine, agbanyeghị, ihe ruru 2% nke nitrogen na-efu na nke a.

Nchịkwa amịlịm nitrate

Thedị ọzọ bụ nri ammonium nitrate, onye isi ndị otu a bụ ammonium nitrate. Usoro kemịkal nitonium nitrate dị ka nke a - NH₄NO₃. Nke a na fatịlaịza nwere ọdịdị nke ntụ ntụ ọcha. Fatịlaịza nwere ihe dị ka 36% nitrogen. Enwere ike iji amịlị nitrate dị ka fatịlaịza bụ isi ma ọ bụ dịka akwa mgbakwunye dị elu.

A na-ahazi fatịlaịza a dị ka mmiri na-enweghị mmiri, yabụ, ihe bụ isi ya na-adakwasị mpaghara ndị nwere ụkọ mmiri. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na na mmiri nwere oke mmiri, a na-ebelata ike nke iji fatịlaịza a, ebe ọ bụ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na mmiri dị na nitrogen a na-asa ahụ kpamkpam.

Iummị amị nitrate n'ihi ịba ụba hygroscopicity anaghị anabata nchekwa n'ime ime ụlọ, ebe ọ siri ike na achịcha ngwa ngwa. N’ezie, nke a apụtaghị na fatịlaịza na-aghọ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe, tupu i tinye ya n’ime ala, ị ga-aghọrọ mkpụrụ nnu ahụ, nke siri ike mgbe ụfọdụ.

N'ọnọdụ na atụmatụ gị gụnyere imepụta ngwakọta nke ammonium nitrate na fatịlaịza nri, dịka ọmụmaatụ, superphosphate, mgbe ahụ ịkwesịrị ịgwakọta superphosphate na fatịlaịza na-enweghị ike, dị ka ntụ ọka dolomite, nzu ma ọ bụ lime, na nzọụkwụ ọzọ bụ ịgwakọta ya na ammonium nitrate.

Echefula na iwebata usoro nke ammonium nitrate n'ime ala na-eduga n'ịba ụba nke ọkwa acidity ya. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ọkwa nke acidity ala na-abawanye ọrụ ike ka oge na-aga, na nmalite mmalite nke itinye ya n'ọrụ, mgbanwe nke acidity enweghị ike ịgbagha agbagha.

Iji gbochie acidation ala, a ga-agbakwunye ammonium nitrate na nzu, ntụ ọka dolomite na wayo na nke 1 ruo 2.

Ọ bụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị na ugbu a, ammonium nitrate n'ụdị ya dị ọcha adịghị erekarị, a na-ere ya n'ụdị ngwakọta dị iche iche. Nnukwu ewu ewu ma nwee ezigbo nyocha mgbe ị na-eji ngwakọta mejupụtara 60% ammonium nitrate na 40% nke ihe dị iche iche na-egbochi ihe. N'akụkụ a, ihe dị ka 19-21% nke nitrogen dị na ngwakọta.

Granules nke nitrogen fatịlaịza - urea.

Otu - nri gburugburu

Urea, - Usoro kemịkal ya nwere ụdị CH₄Nd₂O. Urea ka a kpọrọ - Urea, a na-ahụta fatịlaịza a ka ọ bụrụ otu kachasị arụ ọrụ. Urea nwere ihe dị ka 47% nitrogen, mgbe ụfọdụ 1% erughị. N'elu elu, ọ bụ nnukwu sọlfọ na-acha ọcha. A na-eji fatịlaịza ike a iji mee ka ala ahụ gharazie ire, ya mere, enwere ike itinye ya naanị na ihe ndị na-emebi emebi - ntụ ọka dolomite, nzu, wayo. A na-ejikarị Urea eme ihe dị ka fatịlaịza bụ isi; a na-ejikarị ya dị ka mgbakwunye foliar n'elu. Fatịlaịza foliar a magburu onwe ya bụkwa maka na ọ naghị agba ụmị akwụkwọ, mana osisi na-etinye ya nke ọma.

Na mkpokọta, a mara ụdị urea abụọ, ndị a na-akpọ A na B. Akara n'okpuru aha A abụghị nke arụmọrụ dị oke ọnụ ma a naghị eji ya eme ihe ọkụkụ. A na-eji akara urea eme ihe maka ihe oriri maka anụmanụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ewu, ehi. A na-edozi urea nke nwere aha B na urea na ihe mgbakwunye ma jiri ya mee ezigbo fatịlaịza.

Fatịlaịza nitrogen mmiri

Ammonia hydrate, ma ọ bụ ammonium hydroxide (mmiri amonia ma ọ bụ amonia mmiri). Usoro kemịkalụ nke ammonium hydroxide NH₄OH. N’ezie, mmiri amonia na-agbaze mmiri. Na ngụkọta, enwere ụdị amonia mmiri abụọ, nke mbụ nwere nitrogen ma ọ dịkarịa ala 19% na ọ nweghị ihe karịrị 26%, nke abụọ nwere ike ịnwe site na 15% nitrogen gaa na 21%. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-ewebata mmiri amonia site na iji ngwa pụrụ iche nke nwere ike ịgbanye fatịlaịza a n'ime ala na ihe dị ka 14-16 cm.

Uru nke mmiri mmiri na-enye dị ọnụ ala dị ala, ngwa ngwa iweta ihe ọkụkụ, ogologo oge nke ime ya na nkesa nkesa nri. Enwerekwa ndọghachi azụ - nke a bụ njem njem na nchekwa nchekwa, ọ ga - ekwe omume nke oke ọkụ dị na akwụkwọ mgbe fatịlaịza na-enwete n’elu ala ha na mkpa ngwa ọrụ pụrụ iche maka itinye fatịlaịza mmiri.

Mkpụrụ Nitrogen Organic

Dịka ịmara, nitrogen dị na ogige ọkpọkọ, mana oke ya enwere obere. Yabụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ime igwe ehi, nitrogen anaghị karịa 2.6%. N'ime nsị nnụnụ, nke na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, ọ dị elu ruo 2.7%. Nitrogen dịkwa na compost, mana ego ole ebe ahụ, dabere na “nri” nke compost, dị iche. A na-eme ọtụtụ n'ime nitrogen na compost site na ọdọ mmiri, ahịhịa na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ, ahịhịa ahịhịa na ahịhịa dị ala. Nyere enweghi ike nke ihe di n’ime nitrogen na nri akuku, ihe eji eme ya dika ihe nnabata bu ihe anaghi acho. Na mgbakwunye, fatịlaịza ndị dị otú a, ọ bụ ezie na nwayọ nwayọ ma ọ ka na-agbaze ala.

Mkpụrụ osisi nke nitrogen kacha dị mkpa

Na mkpokọta, mkpụrụ ọkụkụ ọ bụla chọrọ nitrogen, mana itinye ngwa dịgasị iche maka ụfọdụ kụrụ. Nyere nke a, enwere ike ịhazi osisi niile n'ụdị mkpa nke nitrogen.

Na udi mbu Can nwere ike itinye ihe ọkụkụ kwesịrị iji nyeju nitrogen nri tupu ị kụọ ya n'ime ala iji mee ka mmepe na mmepe too. Maka ụdị ihe ọkụkụ ndị a, ihe dị ka 26-28 g nke nitrogen, nke gbakọrọ dabere na ammonium nitrate na kwa mita nke mpaghara, achọrọ kwa otu square. Otu a gụnyere, site na mkpụrụ osisi inine: poteto, kabeeji, mgbịrịgba bekee, eggplant, zucchini, ugu na rhubarb; site na beri na mkpụrụ osisi: piom, cherị, rasberi, blackberry na strawberry ọhịa; site na ifuru: lilac, rose, Dahlia, peony, violet, phlox, balsam, cloves, nasturtium na zinnia.

Ndi nke abuo - Ndị a bụ ihe ọkụkụ chọrọ obere nitrogen. Ọtụtụ mgbe, naanị 18-19 g nke nitrogen zuru ezu, n'ihe banyere ammonium nitrate na kwa mita nke mpaghara. Ahịhịa kụrụ: tomato, pasili, kukumba, karọt, ọka, beets na galiki; site na mkpụrụ osisi na beri: osisi apụl, currant, goozberị; site na ifuru: a na-enwe kwa afọ na delphiniums.

Udi nke ato - Ndị a bụ osisi chọrọ nitrogen n'ọkwa, ọ bụghị ihe kariri 10-12 g kwa miti, ma gbakọọ na ammonium nitrate. Site na inine na udi a, ị nwere ike ịgụnye: mbido mbupute poteto, ọka salad, radishes na eyịm; site na mkpụrụ osisi - ọ bụ ube; site na ifuru: bọlbụ, primrose, adonis, saxifrage na daisy.

Ikpeazụ chọrọ obere nke nitrogen kwa mpekere, ọ bụghị ihe kariri 5-6 g n'ihe banyere ammonium nitrate. Ihe ọkụkụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-etinye ahịhịa ogwu na mkpo; site na ifuru - poppy, azalea, juven, hothers, okwute, Erica, purslane, rhododendrons na cosmeas.

Iwu maka iji mmiri nitrogen

Cheta na naanị ezigbo ọgwụ nri nri nke nitrogen nwere ike imetụta uto na uto nke ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche, na ekwesịrị ịkọ nri agakọ site na pasent nke nitrogen na otu fatịlaịza, ma meekwa ha dabere na ụdị ala, oge na ụdị ihe ọkụkụ.

Yabụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe akpọrọ nitrogen n'ime ala n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, enwere ihe ize ndụ nke ịsacha ya na mmiri dị n'ime ala. Ya mere, oge kachasị adabara maka ịmị mkpụrụ na mmiri bụ mmiri.

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eme atụmatụ ifatilaiza okpomoku na acidity dị elu, dị njikere ịgwakọta nitrogen na ihe dị iche iche na-egbochi mmetụta acidcing - nzu, wayo, ntụ ọka dolomite. N'ihi ya, a ga-etinye nri fatịlaịza ka mma, a gaghị akụ ala ájá.

Ọ dị ezigbo mkpa maka ndị bi na mpaghara steppe na ọhịa-steppe, ebe sọlfọ na-akakarị nkụ, itinye fatịlaịza nitrogen kwa oge, na-enweghị nkwụsị ọfụma, nke nwere ike imetụta osisi n'ụdị nke igbu oge na mmepe, na mbelata mkpụrụ.

Ọ ka mma imepụta nri fatịlaịza na ala chernozem ụbọchị 11-12 mgbe snow agbazechara. A na-ebu ụzọ mee akwa dị elu site na iji urea, ma mgbe osisi banye na ngalaba nke na-eto eto, gbakwunye ammonium nitrate.

Nsonaazụ nke enweghị nitrogen

Anyị eburula ụzọ kwuo nke a, mana ụkọ nitrogen abụghị naanị egbochi uto. Na mgbakwunye, ọtụtụ mgbe akwukwo nke umu osisi na-amalite inweta agba na-acha ọcha, ha na-acha edo edo, nke a bụ ihe mgbaàmà izizi nye ngwa fatịlaịza.Site na ụkọ nitrogen siri ike, na mgbakwunye na ịme mkpịsị akwụkwọ akwukwo, ntuziaka ha ji nwayọ malite nkụ.

Ihe ịrịba ama nke enweghị nitrogen na epupụta nke ọka.

Enwere ike inwe nsogbu site na nri nitrogen?

Ee, enwere ike bụrụ na ha nwere oke. Ọtụtụ mgbe, na ngafe nke nitrogen, na aboveground uka osisi amalite tobe kwa ifịk, Ome thicken, akwukwo pupụtara abawanye, internodes ibu. Uzo ahihia eweputara mara mma di egwu na nro, ma okooko adighi ike ma obu mkpụmkpụ, ma ọ bụ anaghị eme ya ma ọlị, yabụ, ovary anaghị etolite ma mkpụrụ osisi na tomato adịghị etolite.

Ọ bụrụ na enwere ọtụtụ nitrogen, mgbe ahụ ihe dị ka ihe oku na-apụta na ụmị akwụkwọ, n'ọdịnihu, akwụkwọ ndị dị otú a ga-anwụ wee daa tupu oge eruo. Ọnwụ nke akwụkwọ nwa na-eduga mgbe ụfọdụ na-akpata nkewa nke sistemụ mgbọrọgwụ, ọ bụ ya mere na ịghaghị ọgwụ nitrogen.

Nsonaazụ rụpụtara. Yabụ, anyị chọpụtara na osisi niile chọrọ nri fatịlaịza nitrogen, na agbanyeghị, o kwesịrị ka ekwesie ihe ha n’usoro dosiri ya ike dabere na usoro akwadoro, dabere na ntanetị, na akụrụngwa nke nri ha.