Nnukwu ìgwè nwere nje ndị ọzọ dị n'okpuru ala bụ broomrape. Obiọma broom - Ewoorobanche E jiri ya tụnyere ezinụlọ ndị ọzọ, a na-ahụta ya n'ụdị ụdị dịgasị iche iche (ihe ruru otu narị na iri abụọ mara). A kọwara nke a site na nkesa sara mbara na oke nhọrọ na osisi ndị ọbịa. Ndị nnọchite anya ụdị osisi Broomrape nwere njegharị na ọhịa, akọ na ahịhịa.
Oria Kanye (Orobanche obere) © finiedduN'ime mba anyị, enwere ihe karịrị ụdị broomrape 40, gụnyere nje ise nke ahịhịa ndị a kụrụ. Ndị kachasị emerụ ahụ bụ ụdị ndị a na-emetụta teknụzụ, nri, ihe ndozi, ihe oriri, mkpụrụ osisi: sunflower broomrape - O. Sitapa, brandi ma obu hemp broomrape - O. ramosa, Mpempe akwụkwọ nke Egypt, ma ọ bụ egwusi, - OznỌd. aegyptiaca, broomstick mutil - O. mutellii na broomrape alfalfa - O. lutea.
N'ime usoro mgbanwe, akụkụ ahụ niile nke osisi nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa a, ma e wezụga azuokokoosisi, okooko osisi na mkpụrụ osisi, a gbanwere mgbanwe ndị gbara ọkpụrụkpụ: mkpọrọgwụ gbanwere n'ime mkpụmkpụ ọkpọ ahụ mkpụmkpụ, na-agbanye mkpọrọgwụ na osisi nke nnabata ahụ, akwụkwọ ahụ tụfuru chlorophyll ma ghọọ obere aja aja, acha odo odo ma ọ bụ akpịrịkpala nke nwere usoro na-esote nhazi . Ahịhịa broomrape bụ agba aja aja, odo na-acha odo odo, pink ma ọ bụ nke na-acha ọbara ọbara, nke na-acha agba agba, na-agagharị agagharị, na-acha uhie uhie ma ọ bụ na-adịghị amị, na-enwe okpu nwere okpueze nwere iko na-abanye na mkpụrụ ndụ nke ihe ọkụkụ nke nnabata ahụ. Ogo nke azuokokoosisi nwere ike iru 50 cm ma ọ bụ karịa.
N'ihe banyere mmerụ ahụ siri ike nke ala site na mkpụrụ osisi broomrape na ọnụnọ nke ihe ọkụkụ metụtara, ihe ruru 200 peduncles nke parasaiti ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịda n'otu osisi.
Okooko osisi broomrape bu akwara, nke nwere agba ise, nke nwere acha uhie uhie nke German, nke nwere odo ma obu odo odo na agba, nke nwere okuko anọ, anakọtara ọtụtụ osisi iri na ntị ma ọ bụ na -eme ka iyi. Ha nwere ikike nke ime onwe onye ihe omume na enweghị obe, nke a na-eme site na enyemaka nke broomrape fly-phytomysis - Phytomysa orobanchia na bumblebees. Ovary - nke di elu, nke gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ. Mkpụrụ - igbe nwere oghere mpempe akwụkwọ abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ ma nwee ihe ruru puku puku abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa. Mkpụrụ kachasị nta, 0.2-0.6 mm ogologo, 0.17-0.25 mm n'obosara, gbara ma ọ bụ nke gbara ọchịchịrị, aja aja gbara ọchịchịrị, nke nwere oghere cellular. N’otu osisi broomrape, enwere ike iru 100 puku.
Zarazikha (Orobanche) © biologoIhe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ broomsticks niile nwere nhazi dị elu. Emebere ụdị ọ bụla ka ha nwee ike megharia obere ahịhịa na-edozi ahụ nwere naanị otu ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ dị iche iche.
Sunflower broomrape parasitizes tumadi na sunflower; site na ahịhịa ndị ọzọ, tomato, ụtaba, shag, ahịhịa na-acha ọbara ọbara, ahịhịa na ndị ọzọ na-emetụta Ọkụ ndị Ijipt ma ọ bụ ihe melon na-ebute ihe dị ka ụdị osisi 70, gụnyere poteto, ụtaba, kabeeji, tomato, na ugu. Ọrịa, oria, hemp, kabeeji, karọt, egwusi, wdg.
Ọkpụkpọ broomrape gbanwere na usoro evolushọn, nke emere site na nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa na ọrụ mmadụ. Tinyere ụdị osisi dị iche iche, na-agbanwe agbanwe mmekọrịta mgbe niile n'etiti nje ndị ọzọ na ndị nnabata ahụ, ndị mmadụ na-ahụ maka ọhụụ na agbụrụ nke nje ahụ wee gbasaa ma na-agbasa ma na-emeri akụrụngwa na ikike iji merie akụrụngwa nchebe. Onu ogugu agumagu nke umu ihe ndi ozo a meputara site na onodu nke nkpuru osisi nke ihe nnabata ya na ndi iche iche. Ọpụpụ nke agbụrụ broomrape ọhụụ na - eme ihe ike na - eduga na ọnwụ nke nchebe site na iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na broomrape mgbochi iche nke sunflower, ebe iwebata ya na mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi nnabata, swellings na-egbochi mmepe ọzọ nke nje ahụ. Varietiesdị dịgasị iche iche emetụtaghị ụdị mgbama ahụ.
Mmepe nke nje ahụ kpebisiri ike ọ bụghị naanị site na immunological Njirimara nke ihe ọkụkụ osisi, kamakwa site na oge ịgha mkpụrụ, ọmụmụ ala, idobere mkpụrụ ya na ala, omimi nke mkpụrụ ha, ihe owuwu nke sistemụ osisi na-enye nri, na -eme ka mmiri ghara iru n’ime ala. Dabere na bayoloji nke osisi kpọrọ, broomrape mepụtara perennial, biennial, kwa afọ, na n'ụdị elekere. Mmepe, omume na ihe ndị ọzọ ha na-adabere na njirimara nke ihe ọkụkụ na-edozi ahụ.
Alsatian broomrape (Orobanche alsatica var. Libanotidis) © Holger1963Ihe pụrụ iche nke ụdị broomrape bụ morphology nke azuokokoosisi na ifuru, yana ịkọ parasitic.
Ahịhịa anwụrụ dị iche na ụdị broomrape ndị ọzọ na steepụ na-enweghị alaka ruo 30 cm n'ogo na ndị ọzọ. Odọ aka-ya enweghi ike; corolla 12-20 mm ogologo, tubular, kpudo ihu ike, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịgbasa na njedebe, nke agba aja aja. Speciesmụ ahụ na-etolite nke ọma na ndị nnọchite anya ọdịbendị na anụ ọhịa nke ezinụlọ ndị abalị na asteraceae. Themfọdụ n’ime ha bụ ifuru ahịhịa, ụtaba, shag, tomato, mmiri mmiri, saffụrụ, mmiri ahịhịa, Australia, ahịhịa ọka, ahịhịa juru, goozberị, solonchak bighead, chamomile na-enweghị isi, na nnu-marsh. Ọrịa sunflower anaghị efe efe ihe ọkụkụ castor oil, soybean, lallemanthus, kabeeji, poteto, na mọstad.
Na egyptian broomrape, ma ọ bụ egwusi, na-agbacha ahịhịa na obere ovate-lanceolate akpịrịkpa 20-30 cm ogologo Corolla 23-27 mm ogologo tubular-funnel, gbasawanyere na aka ukwu. Speciesdị ndị a na - emerụ greeds, yana shag, ụtaba, poteto, ifuru ahịhịa, mọstad, ahịhịa, mkpụrụ osisi sesame, tomato, kabeji, eggplant na ihe oriri ndị ọzọ, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na anụ ọhịa (ihe ruru ụdị 70). Ọ naghị efe efe owu, beets, alfalfa, mkpụrụ vaịn. Ọkpụkpụ anụ ahụ amaara ama.
Ọrịa ma ọ bụ ịba ọcha n'anya, nwere obere mkpa, ruo 4-5 mm na etiti akụkụ, yana flakes na-adịghị ahụkebe, okpu ruo 15-25 cm ogologo, toro na ntọala ahụ, nke nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu (ruo ọtụtụ iri) nke ome n'akụkụ. Ifuru ahụ pere mpe karịa ụdị broomrape a kọwara n’elu, na-agba dayameta ruru mmili 10-15. Oria oria aburucha nke apuru iche na ndi ozo. Ọ na - emetụta ọtụtụ ụdị nke nighthade, asteraceae, kabeeji (cruciferous), ugu, na ndị ọzọ. N'ime ha bụ ụtaba, shag, hemp, hops, kabeeji (kabeeji, kọlịflawa, kohlrabi), mọstad, tonip, saffron, horseradish, railing, ugu, egusi, karọt, dil, coriander, sunflowers, lentil, ihe ụtọ, ọgwụ, klọọkụ, ụdọ, wdg. anaghị arịa ọrịa beets, parsnips, lallemanthus, pasili, eggplant, ose. Ọkpụkpụ anụ ahụ amaara ama.
Mkpụrụ osisi Broomrape, ọkụ dị ka ájá, ikuku na-eburu ya n'efu, na-arapara n'ụkwụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ, ma na-echekwa akụkụ nke osisi, ikuku na-eburu ya gafere oke ebe dị anya.
Oria di ukwu (Orobanche elatior) © od0manMkpụrụ nke nọ na mkpụrụ broomrape, dịka ọtụtụ osisi ndị ọzọ na - ata ahụhụ, bụ nke ọma, ọ bụghị nkewa n'ime mgbọrọgwụ, azuokokoosisi na cotyledons, kama ọ nwere otu mkpụrụ ndụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ nchekwa gbara ya gburugburu, ma nweekwa nri ndị ahụ seedling chọrọ ruo mgbe ọ ga-acksụ ara. ka osisi na-eme nri. Okpomoku kacha gha abu nkpuru osisi broomrape bu 22-25 Celsius. Ha anaghị eto okpomoku dị n'okpuru 20 Celsius ma karịa 45 Celsius C, ụfọdụ dị elu karịa 50 Celsius. Okpomoku di elu nke nkpuru osisi nke ahihia nke ahihia na nke Ala Ijipt.
Mkpụrụ osisi Broomrape nwere ike itolite n ’ala ọ bụla nke sarable mmiri n'okpuru nduzi nke ihe nzuzo nke ụfọdụ ụdị osisi. Ọ bụrụ na enweghi ụdị osisi dị nso na mkpụrụ broomrape, mgbe ahụ, ha anaghị akụ mkpụrụ, agbanyeghị, ha nwere ike ịnọgide na-ahụ maka afọ 8-12. Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị na-eme nchọpụta si kwuo, na mmụba nke mkpokọta mgbọrọgwụ n'ime obere oge, pasent nke mkpụrụ ndị pupụtara na-abawanye. Na ala na-erughị ala, ịta nke mgbọrọgwụ secretion ga-adị elu, ya mere, ọkachasị mgbada nke sunflower site na broomrape ka a na-ahụ na afọ akọrọ.
Achọpụtara ihe nzuzo site na osisi ndị na-akpali ndị agha mkpụrụ na-akpali mkpụrụ nke broomrape mkpụrụ ọ bụghị naanị na mgbọrọgwụ ha, kamakwa na akwụkwọ ya na n'ụgbụgbọ osisi ya. Ihe a na-eguzogide ọgwụ n’ọkụ ma kpọọ nkụ. Ọ ga - ekwe omume ikewapụta akụkụ nke kristal ya nwere ihe na - akpali akpali.
Mkpọrọ ahihia nke letus, flax, ọka, soybeans, ahịhịa na-amị mkpụrụ (alfalfa, klova, atụrụ atụrụ), tomato, ube na ndị ọzọ na-akpali mkpụrụ nke broomrape mkpụrụ, mana ebe ọ bụ na ihe ọkụkụ ndị a anaghị enwe ike ịgha mkpụrụ, mkpụrụ ya, anaghị achọta ihe ọkụkụ na-edozi ahụ. na-anwụ. Ojiji a na-eji ihe ọkụkụ eme ihe iji lụsaa broomrape aka.
Onu ogugu nke nkpuru osisi germbomrape na ume ha nke germination dabere na nkpuru osisi nke osisi a, kamakwa otutu onodu ndi ozo: udiri ihe eji eto nri, ihe ogwu ya na ihe omimi nke nkpuru osisi, ihe ojoo nke nkpuru broomrape na idi nso nke nkpuru ya rue nkpuru osisi. onye nnabata ahụ, site na mmeghachi omume nke gburugburu, okpomọkụ na ala, wdg.
Germination, mmiri nke broomrape na mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi na-edozi ahụ na mmepe ya na-amalite na nzuzo na ala. N'oge opupu ihe ubi, mkpụrụ pọpụtara nke pịrị apị na-apụta site na mkpụrụ osisi nke nwere klọọkụ gbara okirikiri na njedebe, na-etolite n'akụkụ ebe ịta ahịhịa nke ihe ọkụkụ nke na-egbu egbu dị elu. Na-emetụ aka na mkpọrọgwụ nke ihe ọkụkụ ga-eme ka ọ puo, ọ na-amalite itolite, ebe ndị ọzọ na-ama pokopoko, na-agbanwe ghọọ eri na-adịghị mkpa; mgbe ahụ njikọta ya na uwe mkpụrụ ahụ gbajiri.
N’oge na-adịghị anya, igbachi osisi dị na mkpọrọgwụ osisi ahụ kpuchie ọkpọ ahụ na-enye ya ọdịdị nke kpakpando. Otu n'ime haustoria, na –emezi sel nke parenchyma nke mgbọrọgwụ cortex, baa n’ime ya wee ruo xylem. Tracheids na-etolite n'ime haustorium jikọtara ya na ihe ndị na - eme ka ihe ọkụkụ ahụ gbakọọ ọnụ ma nwee ike ịchọta ókè dị n'etiti ha. N’isi njedebe nke broomrape ahụ, a na-akpụ akụrụ, nke nwere ọtụtụ akpịrịkpa, na-emesịa ghọọ mpempe akwụkwọ gbanwetụrụ. Nwa osisi etolite ghọọ azuokokoosị nke na-amị ifuru nke na-ebu inflorescence ruo elu ala.
Zarazikha (Orobanche) © esta_ahiMkpụrụ nke osisi broomrape gbasasịrị n'ime ala, ịmịkọrọ ya na mmepe na-apụta nwayọọ nwayọọ ka usoro mgbọrọgwụ nke ihe ọkụkụ na-eto na-eto. Yabụ, na mgbọrọgwụ nke otu osisi a kụrụ, mmadụ nwere ike ịlele usoro niile nke e guzobere nje ndị ọzọ; site na mkpụrụ germination ka pod ripening. Site na oge nke mkpụrụ osisi broomrape ruo mgbe ihe ọkụkụ ya dị n’elu ala, ọ dịkarịa ala ọnwa 1.5-2 gafere. You nwere ike ịtụle ụdị sunflower maka iguzogide broomrape na-enweghị ichere broomrape ifuru ịhapụ ala site na ọnụnọ nke ị broụ broomrape na mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi ahụ.
Usoro Nchịkwa Broomrape
Ejiri usoro eji arụ ọrụ iji chekwaa nje ndi ọzọ.
Themfọdụ n’ime ha bụ:
- nchebe site na ntinye mkpụrụ osisi broomrape n'ime ugbo na mpaghara ebe ọ na-emeghị, yana nhicha mkpụrụ nke ọma n'ime ugbo ndị ọrịa;
- edinghazi wepụta na iwepu broomrape tupu ọ kee mkpụrụ na inflorescences iji gbochie ọrịa ọhụrụ nke ala. A na-ebugharị broomrape weat, na-ere ya ọkụ ma ọ bụ lie ya nke ọma;
- iwebata ngagharị nke mkpụrụ, ewezuga ihe ọkụkụ emetụtara n’ogologo oge (ọbụlagodi afọ 6-8).
Ebe ọ bụ na broomrape na - emebi ahịhịa dị n'ọhịa, ọgụ megide ya bụ njikọ dị mkpa na usoro nke usoro nchebe.
You nwere ike ịtọhapụ ala site na broomrape site n'enyemaka nke kụrụ kụrụ sunflowera kụrụ akụ), nke na-akpata oke germination nke broomrape osisi. N'oge ngosi nke ọnụọgụ kachasị nke inflorescences nke broomrape ma ọ bụ na mmalite nke ifuru, a na-egbute ọdịbendị nke ahịhịa. Ọrịa enweghị oge igbasa, ma oge iwere ọdịbendị na-esote nke mkpụrụ ya ga-adịcha obere. Maka otu nzube ahụ, a na-akụ klova ma ọ bụ klova. A na - enweta ezigbo nsonaazụ site na iwebata broomrape na - eguzogide ma ọ bụ ụdị brosrape na - anakpo ụdị sunflower na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ.
Njikọ ihe:
- Popkova. K.V. / General phytopathology: akwụkwọ ọgụgụ maka ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị / K.V. Popkova, V.A. Shkalikov, Yu.M. Stroykov et al. - Nke abụọ ed., Rev. ma tinye. - M.: Drofa, 2005 .-- 445 p.: Ọrịa. - (Oge ochie nke sayensị ụlọ).
- Igodo nke osisi broomrape nke USSR (site na mkpụrụ osisi na mkpụrụ osisi). / E.S. Teryokhin, G.V.Shibakina na ndị ọzọ .-- SPb.: Nauka, 1993 .-- 127 p.
