Dill (Anethum) bụ monotypic mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ nke ahịhịa na-enwe kwa afọ nke ezinụlọ Umbrella (Umbelliferae) nwere otu ihe - Ogwu ojoo, ma ọ bụ Dill ubi (Anethum tomolens) N'ime oke ọhịa, a na-ahụ dill na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ yana etiti Eshia. Dịka ihe ọkụkụ nke ubi, ahịhịa jupụtara ebe niile n’ụwa.
Aha Latin nke osisiAnethum tomolens sitere na aha Greek Latinized nke dill - anethon na site na latin ili - isi ike. A na-ahụ ala nna nke dill Southern Europe, Egypt, Asia Minor, ebe amaara ya site n'oge ochie.
Osisi Fennel, ma ọ bụ ihe eji egbochi ubi (Anethum lieolens). Ecos de pedraAha dill na uwa
Ndị America na narị afọ nke iri na asaa na iri na asatọ tupu ọrụ ụka ogologo oge kwere ụmụ ha ka ha rie mkpụrụ dill ka ha ghara ịda n'ụra - ọbụlagodi, ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na-akọwa otu n'ime ndị America aha maka mkpụrụ akụ dill - “mkpụrụ maka nnọkọ”.
Agbanyeghị, aha Bekee ọzọ (yana German, Norwegian na Swedish) sụgharịrị dill dill ahụ, nke a na-ejikọkarị na okwu Old Icelandic dilla - "nwayọọ, udo”.
Ọzọkwa, ogologo oge ejirila dill mee ihe iji belata ihe mgbu metụtara gas na ụmụ ọhụrụ, yabụ ikekwe ndị Puritan nyere ụmụ ha “mkpụrụ maka nnọkọ” n'ihi ihe dị iche iche.
Enwere ụdị ọzọ dị mfe nke mmalite nke okwu dill - site na German Dolde - nche anwụ (inflorescence).
Ma okwu Russia nke dill kwesiri karie n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na na Russia, a na-egbukarị akwụkwọ ya nke ọma ma “fesa” ha tupu ha eje ozi. Max Fasmer, onye dere akwụkwọ Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language, jikọtara ya na okwu ahụ fesaa, Dahl na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ya kwupụtakwaara ụdị okwu ochie Russia nke okwu dill dị ka "arịa ụlọ ụka ha ji ejide mmiri nsọ" (wee wụsa ya na ndị kwere ekwe )
Ọzọkwa, a na-akpọ mmiri ọ andụ andụ na mmiri ọkụ “dill” n’ebe ndịda Russia, si otú a “ịwụkwasị ihe n’akpa uwe” pụtara ịgbaze ya ọcha. N'agbanyeghị, na mpaghara Pskov “dill” bụ mgbe a na-akpọ teapot.
Ndị mmadụ ka na-akpọ dill dị iche iche - coper, copier, creep, akuku, spawning, fennel, cumin, dac.
Dil dị ụtọ. © lily lucioleAkụkọ ihe mere eme nke dil
N'ụzọ dị oke egwu, maka ụfọdụ amaghị, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị dibịa niile a ma ama, gụnyere nnukwu Avicenna, tụlere iji oke ma ọ bụ ogologo oge nke dill na-emebi ụbụrụ ma rụọ ụka na nnukwu usoro ya na-akpata nkwarụ anya, ikekwe n'ihi ndị amoosu ochie. ọ bụghị naanị ejiri osisi ahụ dị ka ihe ngwọta maka anya ọjọọ, kamakwa agbakwunye na ihe niile ịhụnanya potions.
N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, mkpụrụ, akwụkwọ, ihe gị na inflorescences nke dill na Europe malitere ịgbakwunye na sọks, marinades, Pịkụl na Pịkụl naanị mgbe narị afọ nke 16 gasịrị. Eleghị anya, ajọ mbunobi sitere na nsonaazụ ọjọọ nke dil. Nnukwu ya na -ebelata ọbara mgbali elu, nke nwere ike ibute ọnọdụ hypotonic, nke na-egosipụta onwe ya n’ụdị nke ịda mba, nkwarụ anya nwa oge, na ọbụna ike zuru oke. Iji kpochapụ nsonaazụ na-adịghị mma, ndị dọkịta oge ochie tụrụ aro ị takingụ mmiri mmanụ a ,ụ, cloves ma ọ bụ cinnamon. Agbanyeghị, ndị Europe aghụghọ na-ezute ihe ọ almostụ almostụ na-aba n'anya n'otu oge n'otu oge na-a drinksụ ihe ọholicụ alcoụ na-aba n'anya mụrụ otú e si eji ihe ndị bara uru ya eme ihe “nkwụsị mgbaàmà,” ya bụ, na-enweghị nnukwu ego.
You chọpụtakwara na mkpụrụ osisi kukumba, nke jupụtara na dill, na-enyere aka “ma ụnyaahụ”? Nke a bụ ihe kpatara oke ewu ewu nke English dill pickles - pickled cucumbers gburugburu ụwa jikọtara ya na azụ na-egbu egbu na nnu, nnu anụ ọkụ, yana hamburgers na anụ ezi. Ọbụna otu n'ime aha German maka dill Gurkenkraut (n'ụzọ nkịtị: "kukumba ahịhịa") na-egosi n'ụzọ doro anya na ọ na-etinye aka na Pịkụl - achịcha na ọlịcha ọ dịla anya na Germany. Na njedebe, anyị adịghị ala karịa "Busurmans" n'ikike mkpụrụ osisi.
Nkọwa nke Botanical
Dill bụ osisi na - eme kwa afọ nke Umbrella, ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ Celery, 40-120 cm dị elu. Gee bụ otu, ejiri aka ya mee, ya na nke ọzọ, nke okpukpu atọ ma ọ bụ nke nwere akwụkwọ nke nwere akwụkwọ anọ; lobules nke ahihia a di larịị, nke dị ala na petioles, na ntọala nke etinyere n'ime obosara ya buru ibu, ihe ruru 2 cm; elu sessile na ikpu, nke pere mpe, nke yiri eri, na-agaghị ekesa. Lolọ inflorescence dị na elu nke ị ga-enweta n'ụdị nche anwụ siri ike ruo 15 cm. Mkpụrụ ahụ bụ mkpịsị mkpụrụ osisi abụọ a kụrụ, nke na-acha na June na July.
Dill ubi. Ecos de pedraNjirimara nke dil dill
Maka ọka, a na-akụ mkpụrụ n'ime obere bat na 10-15 ụbọchị. N’agbata ụbọchị 25-30 n’ụbọchị, mgbe osisi ahụ rịrị elu 10-15 cm, a na-eji ha nri. Maka ngwa nri, dill toro ka ụbọchị iri ise na ise (60-60) (tupu ifuru na nkpuru: n'oge a ha kacha esi ísì ụtọ).
Sowinggha mkpụrụ akụ ọzọ ga - ekwe omume, ebe mkpụrụ germination amalitelarị na okpomoku 3banyereC, ma tolite na osisi na 5-8banyereC. Otu ọ dị, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ kachasị mma maka mmepe nke ihe ọkụkụ bụ 16-17banyereK.
N'agbanyeghi onodu onodu na-eto eto, dill choro igha mmiri na ahihia nri nke ututu uto (6 n'arọ kwa 1m2), yana nitrogen (20 g), site (30 g) na potash (20 g kwa 1 m2).
Ala nkwadebe maka dil - ka radish. Maka ịkọ na elu, ụzọ a ga - esi dị mgbe 15 cm gachara, ma na - esi maka ngwa nri - ma ọ bụrụ na obụ cm 45. A kụrụ mkpụrụ dị omimi nke 1.5-2 cm. Ọ bụrụ na mmiri na-ebu mmiri tupu ịgha mkpụrụ maka ụbọchị 2-3, mgbe ahụ ha na-akụ ngwa ngwa; Ọ dị mkpa ịgbanwe mmiri kwa ụbọchị. Maka ngwa nri, enwere ike itinye ahihia dill na akwukwo nri. N'okwu a, mgbe weeding, ọ dị mkpa ịhapụ nri osisi.
Iche iche dill
Ugbu a, ihe karịrị ụdị dill abụọ a ma ama na Russia. Ndia bu ufodu n'ime ha gosiputaworo onwe ha nke oma:
- Dil "Gribovsky" - Kacha nkịtị, precocious, unpretentious na ọrịa na-eguzogide iche iche. Oge site na ntopute ruo n'oge owuwe ihe ubi bụ ụbọchị 32-35. O nwere okpukpo siri ike.
- Dil "Grenadier" - Udiri ohuru nke di iche-iche ejikere ma ghari na umuaka. Oge site na ntopute ruo na iwe ihe ubi bụ ụbọchị 35-40. Osisi a dịgasị iche iche ngwa ngwa gaba na guzobe inflorescences.
- Dil "Richelieu" - Ihe di iche bu ugha. Oge site na ntopute ruo na iwe ihe ubi bụ ụbọchị 40-42. A na-akwụ ụgwọ maka akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-esi ísì ụtọ.
- Dil "Kibray" - Udi di iche-ngwụcha ngwụcha, ya mere a na-atụ aro ka ịgha ya n’oge ma too n’ime ala echekwara. Akwụkwọ ahụ mara mma, sara mbara, mana ọ na-emetụta mgbanwe mberede na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ.
Dill osisi. Bal Andreas BalzerNgwá ọgwụ eji arụ ọrụ
Ndị ọrụ gọọmentị ọgwụ eji eme ihe. Na ọgwụ ndi mmadu na nri nri, eji ahihia. Mkpụrụ osisi na-acha, nke a mịrị amị, kewaa abụọ, akachaghị, elliptical, na uzo. Mkpụrụ ogologo 3-5, ọkpụrụkpụ 2-3 mm. Na mpụga mkpụrụ osisi ahụ nwere ọgịrịga ise: ndị dị oke oke na-enwe nku ogologo, na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na agba, nwere njiri mara mma na-esi ísì ụtọ.
Wepu ahihia mgbe 60-70% nke mkpụrụ dị na mesịa rute agba aja aja. A na-eme nhicha dị iche iche. A na-ejikọ ahịhịa ndị dị na bunches, na-akwụsịtụ n'ime nkụ maka ihicha, mgbe akpọnwụchara, ha na-akụ ma na-azọkọta ya na ikpokọta iji kewapụ mkpụrụ osisi.
Iji nweta mmanụ ahụ dị mkpa, a na-egbute mkpị nke oge nke mmiri ara ehi na-eme waksị mmiri na etiti nche anwụ nke inflorescence. Ahịhịa osisi na elu 18-20 cm site na ala ma usoro hydrodistillation na-edozi ya.
A na-egbute dill na elu na June-July (n'ehihie, mgbe igirigi adịghị). Osisi na-akwa, maa jijiji, na-eme ọnụ. A na-agbaze akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ n’ụlọ ndị pụrụ iche. Chekwaa ahihia n’ime akpa. A na-egbute ahịhịa ọka na July ma jiri ya na ọgwụ ndị mmadụ.
Ihe ndi ndu
Dabere na nhazi ọgwụ pharmacognostic, mkpụrụ osisi dill bụ nke akụrụngwa nke nwere furanochromony - visnagin na kellin.
Ọzọkwa, mkpụrụ osisi dill bara ụba na mmanụ dị mkpa ma nwee abụba. Ihe ndị dị mkpa mmanụ dị mkpa bụ carvone (40-60%) na anethole (ihe ruru 50%). Mkpụrụ Fennel nwekwara ihe ndị ọzọ: terpenoids dillapiol (19-40%), dihydrocarvone, carveol, dihydrocarveol, isoeugenol.
Mmanụ mmanụ nwere ihe dị ka 93% nke glycerides nke ọdụdụ abụba, gụnyere linoleic, palmitic, oleic, petroselin. A hụrụ mkpụrụ osisi coumarins, phenolcarboxylic acid (chlorogenic, caffeic), flavonoids, wax, resins, protein (14-15%), ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri na-eme ihe, na eriri.
Nku ogwu nwere 0,56-1.5% nke mmanu di nkpa n’enwe obere carvon (rue 16%) dika mmanu nkpuru osisi. O nwere vitamin C, B1, B2, PP, P, provitamin A, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, nnu nnu, folic acid, flavonoids (quercetin, isoramnetin, campferol).
Ngwá ọgwụ ọgwụ nke dil na iji ọgwụ
Ngwakọta dill nwere mmetụta antispasmodic na eriri afọ, belata peristalsis, na-abawanye diuresis.
Ejiri nkpuru Dill dị ka infusion maka flatulence na dịka expectorant. A na-awụsara otu tablespoon nke mkpụrụ mmiri na mmiri esi esi ọnwụ, na-esi ọnwụ maka minit 10-15, na-emegharị ya, na -eme ya ọnụ na tablespoon ugboro 3-6 n'ụbọchị 15 tupu nri.
Ihe mgbochi na ngosipụta akpọrọ nke ọdịda ọbara dara.
Ọtụtụ mgbe, mkpụrụ osisi dill dị ka ọkụ diuretic.
Mgbe ị na-eji dill, a na-atụ aro ka ị zuru ike mgbe ụbọchị 5-6 ruo ụbọchị 2-3.
Inflorescences nke dil. © Martin PavlistaOjiji dill n’elu ugbo
Dill na-eji ọtụtụ ihe dị ka ihe sizinin. A na-etinye akwụkwọ ya na salads, ofe, sauces, gravy, anụ, azụ, akwukwo nri na ero ero. N'ihi na canning, were dil na n'elu, ya bụ, okooko mesịa. A sprig nke dil ke okooko oge aromatizes mmanya. A na-eteze ahịhịa ka a gwakọta ya na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ iji nweta agwakọta.
Dill na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ na-awụpụ ísì ụtọ ya, ma tinye ya na ofe mebere, ofe ahịhịa, azụ, na anụ e ji eme anụ. Mmiri ofe ofe na ofe na-eme ya nke ọma. Ọ na - enye nduku na-eto eto, ụtọ anụ, uto na - esi ísì ụtọ pụrụ iche na - esi ísì ụtọ pụrụ iche. na-eme ka uto nke poteto a ghere eghe, sie kabeeji uhie.
Mkpụrụ nke dil aromatize tii, mmanya, marinades. (Ọ dị mma iji hazie azụ.
A na-eji Dill dozie mmanụ dill, nke a na-eji esi nri ụlọ na ebe nri.
A na-eji mmanụ dị mkpa eme ihe n'ụlọ ọrụ ncha.
Ọrịa na Ọrịa Dill
N'ebe a, anyị na-eleba anya n'ọrịa na ọtụtụ ọrịa dill.
Fusarium ire ere nke dil mgbọrọgwụ - oria bu ebe nile n’oghere ahihia na ala site na oke mmiri. Anụ ahụ na-emebi usoro mgbọrọgwụ, na-abanye na azuokokoosisi site na arịa nke ahịhịa. Na mbido, ihe ọkụkụ ahụ na-agbasi ike na uto, mgbe ahụ ọ na-acha ọbara ọbara, na-agba aja aja na-agba. Ọrịa a ka na -eme ala n'ime ahịhịa irighiri ahịhịa na mkpụrụ nke anakọtara site na ahịhịa nwere ọrịa. Ma, ọtụtụ mgbe, nje osisi anwụ ogologo oge tupu osisi chara n'onwe.
Ihe njikwa:
- Wepụ irighiri ahịhịa.
- Culling emetụta osisi.
- Nri ahihia di egwu, i.e. mmeghe nke ihe ndi sitere na Organic (compost, peat, nri ahihia).
Wet ire ere nke dil - Nleputa nke oria bu ihe edoziri edo edo. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-ebute ọrịa ahụ na akwụkwọ site na mgbọrọgwụ nje. Ihe butere ọrịa ahụ bụ irighiri ahịhịa n’ala ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ ndị bu nje. Ọchịchịrị nke mmiri gbara agba na-apụta na mgbọrọgwụ nke dil, anụ ahụ na-eme ka ọ dị nro, agbaze, isi na-adịghị mma.
Ihe njikwa:
- Otu dị ka megide Fusarium ire ere.
Domo Fomoz - oria ekpughere onwe ya na ị ga, epupụta, mesịa, mkpụrụ nwere ọchịchịrị elongated tụrụ na ọtụtụ nwa dotted pycnids. Ọkpụkpọ mgbọrọgwụ bụ ihe mara mma, yana ịgbasa na azuokokoosisi. Site na mmụba dị elu, oge mkpụrụ osisi ọkọchị na-amalite, ma na-eme ka ahịhịa dị n'akụkụ osisi gbara agbata obi. Ọrịa a na -ebi n'ime ala n'arụ ahịhịa nakwa na mkpụrụ ndị nwere ọrịa.
Ihe njikwa:
- Culling emetụta osisi.
- Nchịkọta na mbibi nke ahịhịa nile.
- Iji mkpụrụ sitere na osisi dị mma.
Dill. © VentilagoCarrot gall midge - obere ahụhụ nwere otu nku. A na - ahụ ya ebe niile, na - akpata nguzobe nke agba gburugburu n'ụdị okpomoku nke dill ma ọ bụ otu ụzarị ya. N'ime mkpụkọ, nwa amị oroma dị ndụ na-enye nri; ebe ahụ, ọ nọ na nnukwu ube.
Ihe njikwa:
- Ebipu ma bibie ihe niile inflorescences nke dil na galls.
Nlata Caraway - nru ubu di iche iche di iche iche: nku di n'ihu bu brownish ma obu pinkish nwere agba di iche na nke dikwa ocha ma obu oji ojii, - nku ya di ezigbo acha. Wingspan - 21-30 mm. Caterpillars bụ isi awọ gbara ọchịchịrị ma ọ bụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Butterflies hibernate n'ime ụlọ; na mbido June, ha dina akwa na ahịhịa nche anwụ; larvae na-eme amaokwu na akwụkwọ, m na Central veins, taa n'ime ị ga. Mgbe ha mere agadi, ha na-agbanwe gaa inflorescences, nke a na-etinye ọnụ na cobwebs; ikekwe eri okooko osisi na nkpuru ovaries. Na July, caterpillars na-anaagharị site na ihe ndị dị na oghere gị na pupate n'ebe ahụ. Otu ọgbọ na-eto kwa oge.
Ihe njikwa:
- Pkpachapu ma bibie ihe niile dill inflorescences na caterpillars.
Njikọ ihe:
- Onye na-elekọta ubi na onye na-elekọta ubi Siberia: Krasnoyarsk: RIMP “Vita”, 1994 - 496 p. - ya na 441.
- Turov. A. D., Sapozhnikova. E. N. / Osisi ọgwụ nke USSR na ojiji ha. - Nke 3 ed., Revised. ma tinye. - M .: Medicine, 1982, 304 p. - ya na 171-172.
- Treyvas. L. Yu. / Nchedo nke ubi. Ọrịa, pesti, mmejọ na teknụzụ ọrụ ugbo. - M .: “Akwụkwọ Kladez”, 2007 - 123 p. - ya na 143-144.
