N'ọtụtụ ụzọ, usoro nlekọta ube yiri ọrụ ugbo maka osisi apụl na-eto. Agbanyeghị, enwere ụfọdụ ọdịiche dị na teknụzụ ọrụ ugbo nke ịkọ mkpụrụ osisi ndị a. Iji lekọta pears n'ụzọ ziri ezi, dị ka njirimara nke ọdịbendị a chọrọ, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche na n'oge ọkọchị na ọkọchị, okooko nke osisi ndị a na-agabiga ngwa ngwa, ọ dịkwa mkpa ka ịchefu oge maka ọgwụgwọ n'oge site na ahụhụ.
Mkpụrụ ube ahụ nwere njiri arụpụta nke ya. E jiri ya tụnyere osisi apụl, osisi ube nwere akpati akpọ akpọ na ụdị okpueze abịakọrọ. Mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi ube di nkpa, na-abanye n’ime ala. Otutu nke okpomoku di na ala n’ime omimi nke 20-80 cm, ma na uzo udu mmiri a gbanyere okpueze 1.5-2 okpueze okpueze.
Muta otu esi lekọta pears n’ubi a na peeji a.
Njirimara nke pears na-eto eto: ala chọrọ
Kachasị mma maka pears bụ ahịhịa, tụụrụ, humus-ọgaranya, obere acidic ma ọ bụ sọpụ ala. Peat a na-anabataghị, peat bogs, nwere nnukwu ọdịnaya nke carbonates. Ọzọkwa, otu n'ime ihe ndị ala chọrọ maka pears na-eto eto bụ enweghị mmiri dị omimi. Ọ na-anabata oke ọkụ (aja, gravel na obere okwute). Osisi ube a kụrụ na mkpọda ndị ahụ na-adịkwu ogologo ma na-amị mkpụrụ nke ọma.
N'afọ nke ịkọ osisi, a naghị etinye fatịlaịza ala. N'afọ nke 2-3 ka ịghasịrị n'oge opupu ihe ubi, a na-etinye nri fatịlaịza na okirikiri akpati na ọnụego 12-18 g nke urea (urea) ma ọ bụ 17-25 g nke ammonium nitrate kwa 1 m2. Maka afọ 4-5 na nke sochirinụ, ọ dị mkpa inye fatịlaịza mineral zuru ezu nke 6 g / m2 nke ihe na-arụ ọrụ (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). A na-etinye fatịlaịza nri otu ugboro kwa afọ 3-4.
Ubi na-ejikarị mkpụrụ akụ zụtara. Enwere ike ịgba mmeghari site na iji usoro ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi. Ngwa ahịa kachasị mma bụ oke nke oke ọhịa ọhịa (mullets), nke gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ iche iche.
Ọtụtụ ndị na-akụ ahịhịa na-akụ pel n’elu ugwu nkịtị, udara, hawthorn.
Na physiological incompatibility nke scion ya na ngwaahịa (na-abụkarị nke a mgbe a na-etinye mkpụrụ osisi apụl n'elu osisi apụl), yana ọ bụrụ na ị na-etinye ogwe ma ọ bụ alaka ya na waya ma ọ bụ eriri, akwụkwọ na-agbanwe agba n'etiti oge ọkọchị site na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-acha ọbara ọbara) wee daa. Otu akụkụ ma ọ bụ osisi niile nwụrụ.
Site na rowan ọhịa, ụdị mkpụrụ osisi TSHA ahọpụtara nwere ndakọrịta zuru ezu: Katidral, Lada, Moskvichka, Otradnenskaya, ebe nchekwa nke Zhigalov, Potapovskaya, Chizhovskaya na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.
Nsonaazụ kacha tụkwasiri obi na mpaghara Non-Black Earth bụ nke a na-enye site na ịkụ mkpụrụ. Otu n'ime atụmatụ nke pears na-eto eto bụ na mkpụrụ osisi ahụ na-anagide kwachaa. N'afọ ịgha mkpụrụ, ọ bụ ole na ole ka a na -eme ka mkpọrọgwụ ya sie ike, ma ụfọdụ osisi enweghịkwa ntutu isi. Ma ọ bụ naanị n'afọ nke abụọ mgbe a kụrụ, na-edo onwe ya n'okpuru mweghachi nke usoro mgbọrọgwụ, akụkụ ikuku na-amalite tobe.
Nlekọta ube mgbe emechara ya na Ala na adighi
Mgbe ị na-elekọta pears mgbe ị kụrụ, buru n'uche na budding na ọnọdụ nke Ala Ala anaghị acha na-amalite na nkezi kwa ụbọchị okpomọkụ karịa 6 Celsius C ná ngwụsị Eprel - mbido May. Mkpụrụ osisi na-amị mkpụrụ ụbọchị ole na ole tupu mgbe ndị a na-akụ ahịhịa. N'otu okpomọkụ ahụ, uto bidoro, na-erute ogo nke 10-20 Celsius.
N'oge opupu ihe ubi, akwụkwọ ya na-amalite itolite n'otu oge, ma ka oge nbibi afọ ha abụghị otu ihe. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-akpata nkụda mmụọ na-adịghị mma n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ akwụkwọ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ - ogo ikpeazụ nke mmepe nke mkpụrụ osisi.
Mkpụrụ ube ahụ na-amalite ito ụbọchị 2-5 tupu oge apụl. Na ọnọdụ nke Non-Chernozem Territory, a na-ahụ nke a na ọkara nke abụọ nke Mee - mbido June, ihe dịka ụbọchị 15-30 ka oghere ahụ mepere, mgbe ikuku ikuku rutere 15-18 Celsius. Na oge ọkọchị na-ekpo ọkụ, ifuru ube na-ewe ụbọchị 3-5, ebe oge oyi na mmiri mmiri - karịa izu abụọ. Ọ bụrụ na okooko osisi mepere emeghe n'okpuru oge opupu ihe ubi mmiri, mgbe ahụ nchara nchara ma ọ bụ yiri mgbaaka na-etolite na mkpụrụ ya.
Mgbe ị na-elekọta pears na-eto eto, echefula nke ahụ, n'otu oge na okooko, uto kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ nke Ome na-amalite. Ọ na-ewe ihe dị ka ọnwa abụọ. Uto nke Ome na-agwụ, dị ka a na mkpụrụ osisi niile, na e guzobere apical nwa osisi.
Achọpụtara na uto nke ube ahụ nwere mmetụta dị mma site na ahịhịa nke ahịhịa ugwu Nevezha.
Otu esi lekọta ube na-eto eto: kwachaa kwesịrị ekwesị
N'afọ nke ịkọ, ube na-eto na-esighi ike ma ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịkwachaa. Iji lekọta pears ahụ, dị ka teknụzụ ọrụ ugbo kwesịrịnụ si kwuo, n'oge uto nke akụkụ nke ahịhịa, mgbe akwara nke okpueze ahụ, a na-ebelata mkpụrụ vaịn. N'oge opupu ihe ubi na ọkọchị, a na-ebipụ alaka ya niile n'oge oyi ma na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma, nke akwụkwọ anaghị etolite.
Mgbe ị na-eto ma na-elekọta pears, ịgha mkpụrụ nke osisi bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kachasị mkpa na-emetụta ogologo oge mkpụrụ osisi na ịba ụba mkpụrụ. Ihe nrịba ama maka ibelata alaka n’akụkụ nile nke okpueze bụ mbelata ogologo tozuru oke ruo 20-25 cm.
Osisi ọtụtụ ụdị ube nwere ezigbo budding na branching adịghị mma. Etu esi elekọta pears dị otú ahụ na-eto eto? Tupu amị mkpụrụ, a na-akụ ha n'otu ụzọ ahụ osisi apụl na-eji ụdị mkpụrụ osisi nke mkpụrụ osisi (Grushovka Moscow, July Chernenko, Spartak, wdg). Osisi nwere okpueze pyramidal nwere nkpuru miri, a na-atụ aro ịkpụ naanị nnukwu alaka.
