Kabeeji bụ ezigbo ahịhịa nri nke kwesịrị ịdị na tebụl iri nri anyị kwa afọ. Mana otu mkpụrụ osisi nwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ. Umu oria nile na ata aru aru site na oria. Na ọnọdụ mmepụta, iji nweta isi kabeji mara mma, nke na-enweghị ezigbo ọrịa ma ọ bụ mmebi site na ịckingụ na ịta ahụhụ ahụhụ, a na-emeso ya ọgwụ ugboro abụọ n'izu site na nkwadebe kemịkal, ma tere aka na-adịghị emerụ ahụ. Ya mere, anyị na-agba gị ume ka ị na-akọ kabeeji n'onwe gị! Ikwesiri ịmalite ya seedlings. Isiokwu a ga-agwa gị otu esi eto seedlings nke kabeeji.
Seedlings nke kabeejiNhọrọ Mkpụrụ
Na mpaghara niile nke Russia, mbido, etiti na mbubreyo kabeeji toro site na mkpụrụ. Iji nweta mkpụrụ osisi dị mma, a na-azụta mkpụrụ nke ọma na ụlọ ahịa pụrụ iche. Mgbe ị na-azụ mkpụrụ ma ọ bụ osisi, jide n'aka na ịhọrọ ụdị zoned. Dị ka a na-achị, ha na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị ukwuu na ọrịa na ọrịa. Na mgbakwunye, mkpụrụ ahụ adịworị njikere zuru oke maka ịgha mkpụrụ, ọ gaghị achọ oge na ego na-enweghị isi. Mgbe ị na-azụ mkpụrụ, biko mara - na ngwugwu ga-egosiri:
- aha iche iche na otu (mbido, etiti, mbubreyo);
- mpaghara na-eto eto;
- ụbọchị ịgha mkpụrụ na ịgbada n'ime ala (data na-agbakọ ihe);
- oge owuwe ihe ubi.
Ọ kacha mma itolite kabeji niile na - amịkọ mkpụrụ n'ime ubi, na iji obere ihe ọkụkụ na - akọ obere iji belata mpaghara dị n'okpuru ihe ọkụkụ.
Teknụzụ maka itolite mkpụrụ nke otu mkpụrụ osisi nke kabeeti fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu maka mpaghara ọ bụla, ebe ọ bụ na enwere ike ịnwe ọnọdụ griin anụ ọhịa na agbanyeghị mpaghara na-eto. Ya mere, teknụzụ ahụ achọrọ anaghị elekwasị anya na ụdị kabeji (kabeji ọcha, kohlrabi, Savoy na ndị ọzọ), kama ọ bụ naanị na usoro nke ịgha mkpụrụ. Isi ihe dị iche na nlekọta na-amalite site na ọdịda na-adịgide adịgide, ọkachasị na ala mepere emepe.
Kedu ihe nwere ike ịbụ mkpụrụ osisi kabeeji
Kabeeji nwere nnọọ siri ike, ngwa ngwa mebiri emebi akwụkwọ, n'ihi ya, i kwesịrị iche tupu ị ga-eto seedlings:
- na-enweghị atụ;
- ya na eburu;
- na iche iche;
- n’ime igbe, wdg.
Nyere isi uto nke akwukwo eto, o di ezigbo nma ka kabeeji tolite otu ahihia n’ime ihe di iche na -agughi. Ekwesịrị iburu n'uche na ịkụ mkpụrụ osisi a kụrụ akụ nwere abamuru ya ụfọdụ. Ọ bụrụ na-akụ mkpụrụ na mbido mmalite ya na ọnọdụ ihu igwe enweghị ike ibugharị ya na mgbe ọ bụla, ịhọrọ ihe na-akwụsị uto nke osisi. Seedlings bụ squat, ya na oké ogologo stalk. Mfe na-ebufe ntụgharị nke sochiri na akwa.
Seedlings nke kabeeji, izu 1 mgbe agha.
Nkwadebe ala mix maka kabeeji seedlings
Maka seedlings ị chọrọ nke ọma, ìhè mkpụrụ na nnukwu ọkọnọ nke nri, permeable, ma, ezi mmiri na-eguzogide. Enwere ike inweta ngwakọta nke ala a site na ihe ndị a:
- akwukwo ma obu ala sod, dika ihe ala. Enwere ike iji ụdị ala abụọ a kee oke;
- ochie ripened humus ma ọ bụ vermicompost. Kama nke a peat horse peat can be used;
- imepụta friability tinye ájá osimiri, sawdust, perlite.
A gwakọtara ihe ndị dị na nha ndị a 1: 2: 1.
You nwere ike ịnye ihe dị mfe - maka akụkụ 20 nke turf ma ọ bụ ahịhịa ahịhịa dị ọcha, gbakwunye akụkụ 5 nke ntụ (isi iyi nke macro- na obere micronutrients), 1 akụkụ wayo na 1 akụkụ ájá.
A na-akpali ngwakọta ahụ ma hichapụ ya site na iji otu ụzọ dịnụ:
- kefu;
- annealing;
- ngụ;
- etching.
Oge ikpeazụ ị na-edozi ala ị na-agwakọta. Urea ma ọ bụ ammonium nitrate 15-20 g, granular superphosphate 20-25 g, potassium sulfate 10 g na 25 g wayo na-agbakwunye 10 n'arọ nke mkpụrụ ọgwụ. Ọ bụrụ na ngwa ndị a adịghị, 30-35 g nitroammophoski nwere ike itinye ya na ngwakọta ala.
-10bọchị 7-10 tupu ijupụta arịa maka ịgha mkpụrụ, ala ahụ akpọnwụsịrị mgbe ejiri ọgwụ nje mee ya site na antifungal (ụkwụ ojii, nje nje, wdg) biologics: phytosporin, alirin, gamair, dị ka ndụmọdụ ndị a dị. Na ngwakọta mmiri ahụ, gbakwunye nkwadebe akọrọ "Emochka-Bokashi" ma ọ bụ ihe ọzọ nwere microflora bara uru. Microorganisms bara uru na-atụnye ụtụ iji melite ihe mejupụtara nke ala ma n'otu oge ahụ bibie microflora pathogenic. Iji nlezianya kwadebe ala a gwakọtara agwakọta na-eme ka a mịa mkpọrọgwụ.
Gụkwuo gbasara ịkwadebe ngwakọta ala maka seedlings na edemede: Otu esi akwadebe ala maka seedlings?
Seedsgha mkpụrụ maka osisi
Ofbọchị ịkọ mkpụrụ kabeeji maka seedlings
- Anyị na-agha mkpụrụ mbụ nke kabeeji maka seedlings na mbubreyo February na mbido March;
- ọkara - site na afọ nke atọ nke March ruo na njedebe nke Eprel;
- emechaa - n'ime afọ iri mbụ ma ọ bụ nke abụọ nke Eprel.
Oge ịkọ mkpụrụ osisi kabeeji na-egosi ma dabere n'ọtụtụ, ripening, ọkụ, ọchịchị nke mpaghara. Mgbe ị na-agha mkpụrụ, lekwasị anya n'ogologo oge ihe ọkụkụ na-eto. Ripdị nkpuru osisi na-ebu ụzọ dị njikere maka iwe ihe ubi na 90-120, ọkara - 150-170 na mbubreyo - ụbọchị 160-180. You nwere ike ịgha mkpụrụ dị iche iche n'otu oge n'otu oge ma ọ bụ wepụta ịgha mkpụrụ nke ụdị nke ọ bụla nwere oghere nke 10-12 ụbọchị. Mgbe ahụ, a ga-enwe salad nke kabeeji ọhụrụ na tebụl.
Mkpụrụ nke broccoli.
Etu esi agha mkpụrụ maka seedlings
Anyị na-ejupụta arịa na mkpụrụ mechiri emezi: igbe, iko, ite ite na arịa ndị ọzọ. Ghaa mkpụrụ n'ime igbe ndị ahụ n'ụzọ nkịtị, na-ahapụ 3-4 cm n'agbata ajị ajị ajị, na 1-2 cm n'usoro. Mgbe ị na-eji arịa akwu-akwụ otu ebe, anyị na-etinye mkpụrụ 2 na etiti. Mgbe germination, wepụ ihe na-adịghị ike seedling. Ihe omumu nke nkpuru a di ihe cm 1. Mgbe aghaghachara, anyi kpuchie igbe na ite ndi ozo na ihe eji eme ihe, anyi na eweputa ahihia.
Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị mma maka seedlings
Iji nweta mkpụrụ osisi dị mma, usoro ikpo ọkụ nke ala na ikuku dị iche iche na mmepe nke seedling dị ezigbo mkpa.
- Site na ịgha mkpụrụ ruo mkpụrụ osisi (ụbọchị 5-7), a na-enwe okpomọkụ nke ala dị na griin haus na impromptu na + 18 ... +20 ºC, na nke ikuku: n'abalị + 7 ... +9, n'ehihie + 8 ... +10 ºC.
- Mgbe mkpụrụ osisi gasị, mgbe mkpụrụ osisi ahụ dị ụbọchị iri na abụọ ruo iri na abụọ, anyị na-agbatu ala dị na ala n'ehihie gaa + 15 ... +17 ºC, na abalị - ka +12 ºC. N'ime oge a, ikuku ikuku n'ehihie sitere na + 8 ... +10 ºC, yana n'abalị + 7 ... +9 ºC.
Pickled kabeeji seedlings
Anyị na-amaba mkpụrụ nke izu abụọ (usoro nke cotyledons gbasaa ma ọ bụ akwukwo nke mbụ) n'ime cassettes ma ọ bụ ite 5x5, 7x7 cm, dabere na ụdị na mmepe nke seedling. Anyị na-agbanye ọnụ ọnụ nke mkpụrụ nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ, jiri nlezianya gwuo ala ahụ na cotyledons. Anyị na-akụ akụ dị ka atụmatụ 5x5 si dị. Site na nkuru rue mkpuru osisi nke siri ike, anyi na edobe ala onodu n’abali +10 ºC, ma n’ehihie + 14… +16 ºC. Ọnọdụ ikuku dị ihe dị ka + 7 ... +10 ºC.
Nlekọta Mkpụrụ osisi Kabeeji
Ọkụ na ịgba mmiri
Ọ bụrụ na ihu igwe dị urukpuru, ndị osisi chọrọ ọkụ ọkụ ọzọ. Enweghị ọkụ na-egbu oge mmepe nke seedlings. Maka ọkụ, ịnwere ike iji oriọna na-enwu enwu ruo awa iri na abụọ ruo iri na anọ.
Dum oge nke mkpụrụ nke mkpụrụ n'okpuru mgbochi kwesịrị ooh. Anabataghị oke mmiri mmiri, ọkachasị na obere okpomọkụ. Na-adịghị ike mgbọrọgwụ usoro seedlings na ngafe mmiri na-emetụta mgbọrọgwụ ire ere. Ya mere, tupu ntopute nke osisi na-eme ka ala kọọ mmiri site na ịgba. N’ikpeazụ, a na-eji mmiri mmiri agba izu otu ugboro n’izu.
Seedlings nke kabeeji.
Nchedo nke osisi seedlings site na ọrịa na nje
Ọtụtụ mgbe, mkpụrụ akụ kabeeji na-emetụta ọrịa fungal: ụkwụ ojii, mucous na nje vaskụla, fusarium wilt.
Ka anyị ghara ida akụkụ nke seedlings n'ihi ọrịa, anyị na-arụ ọrụ ndị a:
- Jiri mmiri ọgwụ nke phytosporin, trichodermin ma ọ bụ planriz mee ka mkpụrụ mmiri belata mmiri.
- were ájá akọrọ ma ọ bụ ahịhịa na-eme ka ala belata;
- belata ugboro na ike nke ịgba mmiri;
- nwekwuo okpomọkụ n'ime ụlọ ahụ.
Na mgbakwunye na ọrịa, a ga-echebe seedlings kabeeji site na pests. Ihe karịrị ụdị 6 ha na-emebi ihe a kụrụ akụ: fleiferous fleas, kabeeji fly, kabeeji nla, kabeeji scoop na kabeeji whitewash, kabeeji aphid, wdg
Anyị na-emeso mkpụrụ osisi na ngwaahịa ndu Intavir na Fitover na ngwakọta mmanụ mgbe mbu mbu pụtara. Site na mkpuru ahihia, udiri ahihia di iche iche, ahihia Cruiferous, whitewash, bitoxibacillin, lepidocide, dendrobacillin di irè. Enweghị ike iji kemịkal na kabeeji, ebe ha na-anọgide n'ime isi nke kabeeji ma ọ bụ inflorescence.
Inye nri ma na-eme ka mkpụrụ sie ike
N'ihe banyere mmepe adịghị mma, a na-enye ihe ọkụkụ mkpụrụ vaịn na oge 2-3 site na ijizi nza ọkụkọ ma ọ bụ mullein. N'oge ha na-anọghị, a na-eme nri nke mbụ site na iji mmiri nke 20 g nke ammonium nitrate, 20-25 g nke superphosphate mmiri nke 5 - g nke 5-10 g nke potassium chloride kwa mmiri. Enwere ike dochie ihe ngwọta a siri ike site na ịgwakọta na 10 l nke mmiri 30-35 g nke nitroammophos. A na-eme akwa akwa nke abụọ na otu ihe mejupụtara na 10-12 na nke atọ (ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa) na ụbọchị 15-20. Mgbe nri foliar, jide n'aka na ị ga-eji mmiri saa ahịhịa ahụ ma ghazie ala.
Abali iri na abuo iri na abuo tupu ikuwa, ihe a na-eme ka nkpuru osisi di ike, ya bu, a kuziri ha itolite na mgbe odi ala, otutu oxygen di, na oku ozo. N'ime oge a, ikuku ikuku n'abalị ekwesịghị ịdị ka + 7 ... +8 ºC, ma n'ehihie n'ụbọchị anwụ na-acha + 14 ... +15 ºC, n'igwe ojii + 12 ... +14 ºC. Daysbọchị 2-3 tupu ịfefe ka a ga-emeghe ala, a na-eji ihe ngwọta 1% nke mmiri Bordeaux emeso seedlings.
Mkpụrụ osisi na-acha ọcha.
Anyị na-ebugharị seedlings nke kabeeji na ọhịa
A na-emeghe ala, a na-akụ mkpụrụ izizi na mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri anọ na ise ruo iri ise na ise. Osisi nwere stem na-agbanwe agbanwe, 5-7 na-eji akwukwo amị amị, na-enweghị ntụpọ, mkpọrọgwụ fibrous nke ọma etolitere.
Mkpụrụ dị n'etiti na mbubreyo iche - ụbọchị 35-45, dị njikere maka ịkụ, nwere 18-20 (20-25) cm n'ịdị elu, 5-6 ezi osisi mepụtara, steepụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, usoro mgbọrọgwụ nke ọma.
Ezigbo ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ, isiokwu ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ihe dijitalụ. Mana nke a bụ ihe data na-eme atụmatụ. N'okwu nke ọ bụla, ha ga-adị iche, ọ bụ ezie na ha dị oke mkpa.
