Ahịhịa kụrụ na nlezianya na mbara ala na na foto ụlọUbi Ahịhịa (Spinacia oleracea) bụ ahịhịa na - eme ahịhịa kwa afọ na ezinụlọ Amaranth. Akwụkwọ nri bụ ezigbo ihe e ji emepụta ígwè. Achoro ihe ndia ka odi otu haemoglobin, nke n’enweta akwara oxygen nile nye aru gi, so na sisitemu ndi na aru ike. A na-atụ aro maka mkpụrụ osisi, maka ụmụaka, ndị na-eto eto na ụmụ nwanyị.
Ala nkwari akụ
Akwụkwọ nri sitere na Middle East. Ekwenyere na ịkụkụ bidoro na Peshia. Ke Central Asia, ọ na-eto dị ka ahịhịa amị. Si n'asụsụ Pesia sụgharịa, aha osisi ahụ pụtara “aka akwụkwọ ndụ”.
Dika nkpuru osisi, eji akọ ihe dika nkpuru. Na mba ndị ọdịda anyanwụ ọ bụ ihe a ma ama na mbido narị afọ nke 20. N'oge ahụ, a na-ewere akwụkwọ nri dị ka iron kacha sie nri: kwa 100 g nke ịdị arọ, 35 mg nke iron. Mgbagha ahụ bilitere n'ihi na onye nyocha ahụ etinyeghị isi na ọnụ ọgụgụ - n'ezie, akwụkwọ nri ọhụrụ nwere iron kariri ugboro iri. Ebubeghachi pụtara na 1981.
Nkọwa nke Botanical
Akwụkwọ nri bụ ihe ọkụkụ kwa afọ. Mpempe akwụkwọ-ube ya nwere okpukpu atọ na-ekpokọta na rosette buru ibu, ogologo ha dị 30-45 cm. Ọ na-agba agba n’oge ọnwa. Obere stamen okooko osisi nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-anakọtara ke panicle inflorescence, pistillate okooko osisi dị na axils nke epupụta, akpụ glomeruli. Mkpụrụ - mkpụrụ osisi ekara.
Pkwadebe Mpaghara Mkpanye Ahụ
Nhọrọ oche
Too akwụkwọ nri na mpaghara ebe akụ na ụba nke osisi sitere. Omenala na-achọsi ike na nri ala. Ọ na-eme ihe ubi bara ụba na aja nwere aja.
Dịka iwu, a naghị ekenye ngalaba pụrụ iche maka ịgha mkpụrụ. N'oge opupu ihe ubi, a na-akụ ya dị ka ihe mbido ịkụ ọkụ na-ahụ n'anya maka mbubreyo. Nwere ike kụọ dị ka sealant (ke wara wara nke ubi na n'etiti ndị ọzọ na akwụkwọ nri) na obere mpaghara.
Ala ubi
Maka egwu ala na ọdịda, ekwesịrị itinye fatịlaịza: kwa 1 m² 30 g nke superphosphate na 15 g nke potassium chloride. Ọ bụrụ na ala ahụ acidic, liming dị mkpa. N'oge opupu ihe ubi, ngwa ngwa ala nwere ike, tinye 20 g nke urea kwa 1 m² n'okpuru rake. Maka ịgha mkpụrụ, a ga-agbakwunye humus ma ọ bụ nri rere ere. Ihe kachasị mkpa bụ iwebata humus na ahịhịa ndị gbara agba na mmalite. Ọhụrụ organic okwu (slurry, nri, wdg) ozugbo n'okpuru ihe ubi na-atụ aro.
Na-etolite na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ụlọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, enwere ike ịnweta ezigbo ọka na ala nwere oke humus. Kwadebe ngwakọta nke ubi, ala sod na humus n'ụzọ hà nhata.
Ofbọchị ịkọ mkpụrụ inine n'ala
Spingha mkpụrụ akwụkwọ nri dị ka oghe na mmiri dị ka esi akụ mkpụrụ
- N'ihi na-eto akwụkwọ nri na griin haus ma ọ bụ griin haus bido ịgha mkpụrụ site na ngwụsị nke February.
- Akwụkwọ nri bụ ihe ọkụkụ na-eguzogide ọkụ ọkụ n'ụzọ dị mma - mkpụrụ ya nwere ike ịnagide ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ruo 8-Celsius.
- Kwesiri Ike kụọ mkpụrụ tupu oge oyi(Ọgwụgwụ Ọktọba). A na-akụ mkpụrụ n'enweghị nsogbu.
- N'oge opupu ihe ubi bido ịgha mkpụrụ mgbe snow kpamkpam. You nwere ike ịme ihe ọkụkụ n’etiti oge nke ụbọchị 20-30 ka ị nweta akwụkwọ nri dị mma.
- Maka owuwe ihe ubi tọ ke June-July, ke South mpaghara - ke August.
Mee mmiri ahụ nke ọma. Iji ahịhịa puo nke ọma, were ofe kpuchie ihe ubi a kụrụ n’akpukpo ahiri (akwa ahihia, akwukwo, wdg). N'ime mpaghara ebe ikuku oyi anaghị ada n'okpuru +12 Celsius C, ịnwere ike iwe ihe ubi n'oge oyi.
A na-eto mkpụrụ osisi na mkpụrụ osisi griin haus
Etu esi akụ mkpụrụ inine na ala
Iji nweta nkpuru izizi na nke enyi, a ghaghi ịhazi mkpụrụ tupu agha mkpụrụ. Sook ha otu ụbọchị na mmiri ọkụ, wee kpọnwụọ ka ala nke na-asọpụta, gaa n'ihu ịgha mkpụrụ.
- Mgbe ị na-agha mkpụrụ na griin haus, ịchọrọ 20-30 g nke mkpụrụ kwa 1 m².
- N'etiti ahịrị, debe anya nke 20-30 cm.
- Mechie omimi nke 1-2 cm. Maka mkpụrụ, dozie ikuku ikuku n'ime 10-12 Celsius C ihu igwe ojii, 18 Celsius C - n’ụbọchị anwụ.
- Mgbe ome pụtara, a na-ebu igbo na irighiri ahụ ọtụtụ oge, na-ahapụ n'ihi nsonaazụ 15-20 cm.
E kwesịrị inye ikuku griin haị n’ụbọchị na-ekpo ọkụ, na-ezere mmụba nke ikuku ikuku karịa 24 Celsius C, nke mere na elu ọkụ ndị dị ọkụ anaghị enweta ọkụ ọkụ. Mgbe ikuku ikuku n'ụbọchị ga-akarị 12 Celsius C, enwere ike wepu ihe nkiri ahụ ma ọlị.
Kụnye mkpụrụ osisi inine na-akọghe
Nkụ akwụkwọ nri na foto ghe oghe
- Na ala mepere emepe, kụọ mkpụrụ inine, na-ekiri oghere 30-40 cm n'etiti ahịrị.
- Gha nkpuru 4-5 g nke nkpuru kwa 1 m².
- Omimi okike dị 1-2 cm. Mgbe ịghasịrị ahịhịa, jiri rake mechie awara awara ahụ.
- Mgbe akwụkwọ nri pịpụtara, jide n'aka na ị ga-ete ahụ obere osisi ruo 5-6 cm n’etiti osisi ndị ahụ.
- Ka ị na-etolite, na-ejikwa ahịhịa ndị ọzọ nri.
Etu ị ga-esi lekọta mkpụrụ osisi n’anwụ
Na-eche echiche
Site na nzoputa nke akwukwo ezi akwukwo nke abuo, aghaghari inye nkpuru osisi. Mgbe ọtụtụ thinning n'usoro, hapụ bushes na anya nke dịkarịa ala 10-15 cm. Mgbe ịgha mkpụrụ bụ nke nnụnụ, ụkọ ihe na-adịghị mma, nke na-akpasu mmeri site na mildew powdery. Wụchaa akwụkwọ nri ahụ kpamkpam mgbe ịchasịrị.
.Gbara mmiri
Inye mmiri mgbe nile. O zuru ezu ugboro 2-3 kwa izu iji mee 3 lita mmiri maka mita ọ bụla na-agba ọsọ. N’oge ọkọchị, ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, mmiri hiri nne iji gbochie ịgha ọka.
Uwe elu
Ọ bụrụ na akwụkwọ nri anaghị eto nke ọma, tinye fatịlaịza nitrogen fatịlaịza (10-15 g nke urea kwa 1 m²) na ịgbara ya mmiri. A naghị atụ aro itinye fatịlaịza na nke fatịlaịza: a na-agbakarị usoro ịgbapụ ngwa ngwa.
Na-eto akwụkwọ nri site na mkpụrụ n'ụlọ maka seedlings
A na-akụ akwụkwọ nri n'ụlọ iji nweta obere seedlings ma ọ bụ vitamin greens nke afọ niile. Tụlee ụzọ abụọ ahụ.
A na-eto eto akwụkwọ nri site na mkpụrụ maka seedlings
Mgbe ị kụrụ mkpụrụ inine?
Akwụkwọ nri mkpụrụ osisi na-eto ngwa ngwa, akwụkwọ nri ya dị njikere maka iwe ihe ubi izu iri na atọ mgbe mkpụrụ tochara. Yabụ, ịkwesiri ịgbakọ oge zuru ezu ruo oge nke ịpụpụ, ka ị ghara imehie. Forbọchị mkpụrụ inine na-esitekwa na ụdị a họọrọ, ka mkpụrụ na-eto maka mkpụrụ dị iche iche.
Ná nkezi, anyị na-ahapụ izu 1-5.5 maka mmalite nke mkpụrụ na izu abụọ maka mkpụrụ. Na mkpokọta, ịgha mkpụrụ maka mkpụrụ osisi na-amalite ihe dị ka izu 3-4 tupu ịghagharia na ebe na-adịgide adịgide.
Etu esi agha
Akwụkwọ nri na-eto site na mkpụrụ nke seedlings na ụlọ osisi Ome
Mkpụrụ mkpụrụ osisi buru ibu, ya mere, ọ dịịrị gị mfe ịkọ ha otu n'ime oge na mkpụrụ ndụ cassette. Enwere ike iweze ala maka ịgha mkpụrụ.
- Omimi 1 cm.
- Mgbe o kusasịrị, ụwa na-eme nri site na atomizer, kpuchie ya na fim.
- Germinate osisi na ụlọ okpomọkụ.
- Ego ole na akwụkwọ opupu? Mkpụrụ izipu ga-apụta n’ụbọchị nke asatọ. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, ewepụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ, ma a na-ebelata ntakịrị ka ihe dị n'ime ya wee ghara ịmị mkpụrụ. Ehee, ọ bụrụ na ị jisie ihe dị ka 18 Celsius.
- Seedlings mkpa ogologo ọkụ na ezi diffused ọkụ.
- Mgbe osisi toro n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ nke cassette, ịkwesịrị ịmegharị mkpụrụ osisi ahụ n'ime ite peat.
Tupu ịgha mkpụrụ, a na-edozi mkpụrụ osisi maka ụbọchị 7-10. A na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi n'ime anya nke 10-15 cm n'usoro, n'etiti ahịrị 30-40 cm.
Na-eto akwụkwọ nri na windo sill site na mkpụrụ
Akwụkwọ nri na nlekọta n'ụlọ na windo foto
Togha mkpụrụ osisi na windowsill na mkpụrụ maka itolite na elu, ị nwere ike iji arịa ọ bụla dabara adaba maka gị, isi ihe bụ na ịdị elu ha dịkarịa ala 15 cm: ndị a nwere ike ịbụ ite ma ọ bụ seedlings, na-enwe olulu mmiri mgbe niile na ala. Jiri ala na-edozi ahụ, ala na-agwakọta ala maka seedlings dị mma.
- Ghaa mkpụrụ dị obere oge, na anya nke 5-6 cm site na ibe ha. E mesịa, ị ga-ete ha anya dị anya nke 8-10 cm.
- Omimi 1 cm.
- Mgbe akuku, anyị doziiri na atomizer, kpuchie ya na ihe nkiri rue mgbe ome putara, mgbe nkea anyi wepu ebe obibi.
- Nleba anya di nfe: ịgbara mmiri dika ala wee takọọ ma mee ka ọkụ na-enwu enwu dịkarịa ala awa iri. Ọ bụrụ na elekere ụbọchị dị mkpụmkpụ, ịkwesịrị iji ọkụ na-acha ọkụ.
Owuwe ihe ubi
Mgbe ịgha mkpụrụ, ị nwere ike ịmalite ịmalite mkpụrụ mkpụrụ osisi mgbe mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri atọ gafere iri mkpụrụ atọ, ma ọkọchị - mgbe ụbọchị 40-50 gasịrị. Ọ dị mkpa ịghara ileghara oge a anya: ọ bụrụ na akwụkwọ nri pịrị apị, akwụkwọ ya ga-aghọ nke na-atọ ụtọ. Owuwe ihe ubi nwere ike bido n ’iwe nke 5-6. Kewaa mpempe akwụkwọ n'okpuru mpempe akwụkwọ mbụ ma ọ bụ jiri mgbọrọgwụ ya. Owuwe ihe ubi di nma ututu, ma obughi mmiri mgbe obu ma obu igha mmiri - akwukwo ndia di njo, geme ngwa ngwa.
Ka ha na-eto, akwụkwọ ọhụrụ na-apụta na enwere ike iwe ya ruo mgbe agbapụchara ya.
Site na 1 m² ị nwere ike ịnakọta 1.5-2 n'arọ nke ihe ọkụkụ.
O kwere omume ibugharị, chekwaa akwụkwọ nri kpamkpam na nkụ. N'ime akpa rọba na ala adịghị na friji, akwụkwọ nri ga na-adị ọhụrụ ruo ihe dị ka ụbọchị 2. Enwere ike oyi kpọnwụrụ - Njirimara bara uru n'oge kefriza anaghị efu.
Ọrịa Spinach na Ọrịa
Ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị mma iji ọgwụ mgbochi ahịhịa fesaa akwụkwọ ọgwụ, ma yabụ, ọ ka mma ịme mgbochi. Soro teknụzụ ọrụ ugbo, oge owuwe ihe ubi.
Mgbe a na-akụ ihe, ma imerime ya mmiri na ahiri dị iche iche ga-ekwe omume.
Ome ma na-eto eto na osisi nwere ike emetụta mgbọrọgwụ ire ere: olu rots, osisi akpọnwụ na-anwụ. Ijide n'aka na mkpa ahụ seedlings, esighi ike ala.
Akwụkwọ nri pụrụ iche na-adọta aphids, slugs, ejula, larvae nke mining bi nla ji obi dozie ha. Emela mkpụrụ osisi na-esote beets. Anakọta gastropods aka.
Uru Spinach
Akwụkwọ nri bara ụba ọ bụghị naanị na ígwè, kamakwa n'ọtụtụ nri, vitamin. Epupụta nwere abụba, protein, shuga, eriri, Organic acid, flavanoids, magnesium, potassium, vitamin C, B, E, K, A, PP.
Ọdịnaya dị elu nke folic acid na-eme ka akwụkwọ nri bara oke uru maka ụmụ nwanyị dị ime, maka ụmụaka ka a na-enye ya n'ụdị puree maka igbochi rickets. Ojiji nke inine na nri na - enyere aka igbochi ọrịa eriri afọ, na - akpali eriri afọ, na - enwe mmetụta laxative dị nro, na - egbochi nkwụghachi azụ, bara uru na ọrịa shuga, anaemia, anaemia.
Prọfesọ Switzerland Gustav von Bunge nyochara mkpụrụ akwụkwọ mmịkọ na 1890. Ngụkọta ya ziri ezi (35 mg nke iron kwa 100 g nke ngwaahịa akọrọ), mana ikekwe a ghọtara ihe omuma a na-ezighi ezi, nke sokwa mee ka ọgba aghara na ebumnuche ya na-elele uru akwụkwọ nri.
