Ihe mejupụtara nke ezinụlọ pink (Rosaceae) gụnyere ụdị osisi abụọ na-adọrọ mmasị - Aronia (Aroniana ugwu uyi ()Sisera) Aronia na uyi nke ugwu bu ndi ikwu na ibe ahu, ma na onodu ihe omumu nwere ihe ndi ozo. O zuru ezu iji nlezianya lelee usoro nke akwụkwọ ya, ihe a na-ahụkarị osisi, mpaghara nkesa, ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi na ihe ndị mejupụtara iji ghọta na osisi ndị a dị iche iche. N’asụsụ Grik, a na-atụgharị ụdị mkpụrụ nke chokeberry dị ka mkpụrụ ojii, ya mere aha zuru oke na Russian - chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) N'ime ndị mmadụ, a na-akpọkarị ya ụzọ chokeberry.
Chokeberry Aronia, ma ọ bụ Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)Ndi Aronia chokeberry nwekwara ihe mgbagwoju anya na "chokeberry Michurin" ana akpokwa ya chokeberry. Site na echiche nke botanical, aronia nke Michurin abụghị kpamkpam aronia chokeberry, mana ọ bụ naanị ụdị ya nwere chromosomes dị iche. Nke ahụ bụ, na ọkwa ndu, ndị a bụ ahịhịa dị iche iche nke otu mkpụrụ ndụ. Aronia Michurin (Aronia mitschurinii) bụkwa ezigbo abụghị ugwu ash. Rowan, site na njirimara ya nke ndu, bu ihe ndi sitere na ndi ozo di iche - Sorbus, nke nwere otutu aha na usoro ihe osisi - ndi ozo (Aucuparia Sorbus).
Nkọwa nke osisi chokeberry
Choke n'asụsụ Grik pụtara inyeaka, enyemaka, mma. Aronia chokeberry - onye enyemaka mbụ nye mmadụ, site n'oge ochie, dọkịta dị oke mkpa na-agwọ ọtụtụ, n'ọrịa ya.
N'okpuru ọnọdụ eke, chokeberry aronia na-etolite site na 0,5 ruo 2.0 n'ogo. Dị etolite etolite ruru m 3-4 - nke a bụ nnukwu osisi gbara agba, okpueze nke na-agbasa site na afọ, na-agbago ihe ruru 2-2.5.
Mgbakwunye sistemụ chokeberry a bụ fibrous, etolitela nke ọma, nwere ala nke ogo ogo 40-60 cm, chọrọ ị wateringụ mmiri na enweghị mmiri. Usoro mgbọrọgwụ anaghị agbafere karịa mpụta nke okpueze. Ome kwa afọ nke agba na-acha ọbara ọbara na agba, na-emesịa kpuchie ya na agba ntụ-agba aja aja.
Akwụkwọ chokeberry na-egbu maramara, dị mfe, petiolate. Ebe a na-esote. Okpukpo ahihia siri ike, azu azu, buru ibu, mgbe ufodu, obu ihe itolu (6-8x5-7 cm) nke nwere ogba isi na onu ya. Elu isi akwụkwọ ya dị nkọ. Colorcha nke akwukwo chokeberry bu acha odo odo. A na-ahụ ahụrịrị nke agba dị oji na agba aja aja n'akụkụ akụkụ akwara akwụkwọ. Site na mgbụsị akwụkwọ, agba nke akwụkwọ na-ewere dị iche iche dị iche iche - oroma, ọbara ọbara, odo odo, nke na-enye bushes ahụ mma.
Okooko osisi chokeberry bụ bisexual, ọkara na nha, kwa ụbọchị. Corolla na-acha ọcha, dịtụ pink. Enwere 15-20 stamens na ifuru ahụ, nke ndị nne ya na-acha odo odo na-ekegide ọnọdụ nke pistils, na-enye ifuru ahụ ihe na-enweghị atụ. A na-anakọta okooko osisi na ndị nche mgbagwoju anya ruo 6 cm na dayameta. Ugbo "chokeberry" na-amalite na Mee - June ma dịrọnụ izu 2-3.
Mkpụrụ nke chokeberry na-amalite n'ime afọ nke abụọ - nke atọ. Mkpụrụ chara n'onwe n'August - ọkara mbụ nke Septemba. Mkpụrụ osisi gbara okirikiri, mkpụrụ osisi apụl apụl nwere oge ntoju. Na nkpuru osisi, mkpụrụ osisi na-atọ ụtọ, na-atọ ụtọ, dịtụ obere. Enwere nkpuru 4-8 na mkpụrụ nke dị n’afọ nwa ebu n’afọ.
Mkpụrụ osisi na ifuru nke chokeberry chokeberry yiri ka ha na okooko osisi na mkpụrụ osisi nke ugwu ash, ya mere aha nke abụọ chokeberry (chokeberry).
Chokeberry Aronia, ma ọ bụ Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa).
Aronia chokeberry
N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke North America, ebe chokeberry ọhịa toro n'ọnọdụ ọnọdụ, a na-ewere ebe ọ malitere. Usoro nkesa chokeberry aronia na agbasa mpaghara nile di otutu. Ọ na-eto nke ọma na Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan. Na Russian Federation, ọ na-eto n'ime ọhịa dị iche iche n'ọ gladụ ọhịa, n'ọnụ ya, na mikpuru ọhịa na oke ọhịa-steppe mpaghara nke European. "Chokeberry" juru ebe niile na mpaghara Central, Volga, na North Caucasus. Omenala siri ike n’oge ọkọchị na-eto n’elu ala Ural, West Siberian, Northwest, na Yakutia, na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke mpaghara Eshia Russia. N'ebe a na-enwe oge ihu igwe dị elu karịa -35 Celsius C, a na-egbutu chokeberry na ala maka oge oyi, na-ekpuchi ya na alaka osisi spruce ma ọ bụ snow.
Parajubaanu nke Aronia nwere umu iri na ise, ma ekpughere ya n’ime omenaala wee rụọ ọrụ dịka ntọala maka ịkụkụ na iwebata ụdị dị iche iche na mpaghara ihu igwe dị iche iche, naanị otu - Aronia aronia.
A na-akụ akụ na-akụ "chokeberry" dịka akụrụngwa ọgwụ bara uru n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na Altai. Akụkụ ndị dị mkpa bụ ọdịbendị na Ukraine, Belarus, steeti Baltic. A na-eji ya dị ka ihe ọkụkụ ornamental bara uru maka ihe ndozi nke ogige, ogige, ebe ntụrụndụ, nsu nke saịtị.
Aronia - akụrụngwa ọgwụ
Na chokeberry aronia, akwukwo ndu na nkpuru nkpuru osisi ka cha cha.
Mkpụrụ osisi a mịrị amị nwere ihe dị ka shuga dị 10%, karịa ihe 1% acids acid, ihe ruru 1% pectin na ihe ruru 18-20% ihe akọrọ. Mkpụrụ nke chokeberry sitere na 3 ruo 30% na-ekpuchi mkpa mmadụ kwa ụbọchị maka vitamin (C, E, B1, B2, B6, B9, K, P, E, PP), macro- na microelements n'ụdị nnu nke molybdenum, manganese, ọla kọpa, ígwè , boron, fluorine. Ọdịnaya ayodiin dị na "chokeberry" dị elu karịa na gooseberries, raspberries, strawberries. Na uru di oke na nkpuru osisi enwere anthocyanins, leukoanthocyanins, catechins. A na-ahuta chokeberry aronia site na ihe di n’ime ya kari nke oma, n’iru ihe ubi dika blackcurrant na oranges. Na nkpuru osisi, ihe kariri 4%, na akwukwo rue 1.5% nke flavonoids, tinyere rutin, quercetin, hesperidin. Ngwakọta kemịkalụ nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ na-egosi uru nke chokeberry aronia, ma ọgwụ na nri.
Chokeberry Aronia, ma ọ bụ Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)Ngwongwo bara uru nke "chokeberry"
Aronia aronia toro igbo ruo 7-9 n'arọ nke tomato. Egbute tupu mmalite nke ntu oyi. Enwere ike iji ha mee ihe dị ọhụrụ, yana hazie ya n'ime ihe ọ juiceụ ,ụ, mmanya, mmanya, compotes. Site na tomato dozie jam, jam, sirop, marmalade, marshmallow, jelii. Achịchaala vaịn n'ikuku na ndị na-akpọ nkụ na-enwe okpomọkụ nke + 50 ... + 60 ° С. A na-echekwa mkpụrụ osisi a na-akpọ nkụ n'ime akpa akwụkwọ ruo afọ 2. Iji jiri teas ọgwụ mee, akwụkwọ ndị a na-egbute mgbe a mịrịchara Fikiere. A na-echekwa mkpụrụ osisi cha cha nke “chokeberry” n’obere okpomọkụ ruo ihe dị ka otu afọ n’enwekwaghị ụtọ na ezi ahụ ike.
Site na mkpụrụ osisi ọhụrụ na nke a mịrị amị, a na-akwadebe ọgwụ ndị nwere ọgwụ na infusions, nke a na-eji eme ihe n'ụlọ na-ebelata mgbochi, ọrịa shuga mellitus, dịka prophylactic maka oncology, ọbara mgbali elu. Ejiri ha mee ihe maka ịgwọ vasculitis nfụkasị, yana ụkọ vitamin, nke bara ezigbo uru, karịsịa maka ụmụaka nwere nsogbu metabolic. Mkpụrụ nke chokeberry chokeberry belata cholesterol, melite ọrụ nke endocrine na sistem iku ume. Mkpụrụ osisi bụ ezigbo antiseptik. N'ọtụtụ ebe, ọgwụ ọjọọ eji mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ maka ọrịa nke imeju, eriri afọ, usoro obi, ọbara mgbali elu.
Kpachara anya! Can nweghị ike iji chokeberry chokeberry dị ka ngwaahịa nri na ngwaahịa ọgwụ n'okpuru nrụgide belata, ịba ụba nke ọrịa eriri afọ, ịba ụba ọbara ọbara, thrombophlebitis.
Etu esi eto chokeberry
Ihe ndị chọrọ gburugburu ebe obibi
Aronia chokeberry anaghị achọ ihe na gburugburu ebe obibi. Omenala bụ oge oyi-Hardy na ndò-Hardy. Ma n'ebe ndo ndo ya ihe nile adighi amuta nkpuru, enwere ike iji ya dika odi nma. Ọ na-adị anabataghị frosts nke -30 ... -35 Celsius C na -40 Celsius. N'oge ọkọride, a na -emepụta ihe dị elu mgbe a na-agba mmiri ma nwee ezigbo ọkụ. N'okpuru iwu agrotechniiki, ohia tolitere 3 m ma tokwa ihe ruru iri ise nke afọ dị iche iche.
Akuku "chokeberry"
Chokeberry chokeberry na-agbada ala ma na-eto nke ọma ma na-etolite na ala. Ọ na-anabataghị saline na ala okwute, ide mmiri nke usoro mgbọrọgwụ. Ọ na-anabata ala acidified, mana sọlfọ na-anọpụ iche kachasị mma. Acidic ala na-egbochi ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ ntụ ọka dolomite, lime nwere ike.
Seedlingsgha mkpụrụ nke aronia chokeberry, ịkwesịrị ịzụta na ebe a na-elekọta ụmụaka pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ jiri oge ịgba nke ụdị ama ama ama.
Ọ ka mma ịkụnye seedlings na ọdịda tupu mmalite nke ajọ ihu igwe ma ọ bụ n'oge opupu ihe ubi mgbe agbazeze mmiri (ọ bụrụ na ndị oyi na-atụ n'oge oyi). Aronia aronia na-ezo aka n’ubi a malitere na afọ 1-3 mgbe ọghachara bidoro ịmị mkpụrụ.
Tupu ịmalite, mkpụrụ osisi chokeberry na-ebelata mgbọrọgwụ ruo 25-30 cm ma belata azuokokoosisi 5-6. A na-edebe seedling ahụ ruo ọtụtụ awa na mgbọrọgwụ ma ọ bụ mmiri.
A na-akwado nkwadebe nke olulu olulu dị ka izu 2-3 tupu ịgha mkpụrụ. N’oghere olulu ruru 50x50x60 cm.Ori dị n’etiti olulu a na-efe ala bụ 2-2.5 m Ọ bụrụ n ’ala a na-ezubere ka ogha ma ọ bụ maka iji chọọ ya mma, mgbe ahụ, ịkụ ahịhịa ga-adịrị ma belata mgbe mita 1-1.5 gasịrị.
Ọ bụrụ na ala ahụ gwụrụ na nri, mgbe ahụ gwakọtara ala ahụ gwakọtara ya na bọketụ nke ihe (ọ bụghị nke ọhụrụ), 2-3 ngaji nitrophosphate, ngaji nke potassium sulfate na 2 tablespoons nke superphosphate. Na ala ndị na-eme nri, ịnwere ike amachi onwe gị na bọket humus na nri ịnweta - nitrophos. Ọ bụrụ na ala ahụ dị okirikiri, ịkwesịrị ịme 0.5-1.0 bọket nke peat ma ọ bụ ájá.
Aronia chokeberry ka a kụrụ dika ihe ọkụkụ beri dị na mkpọrọgwụ. Mgbe ị na-akụ, a na-enyocha ọnọdụ nke mgbọrọgwụ akwara. Enweghị ike ime omimi ya, ebe ọ bụ na usoro a na - eduga n’ịbepụta nnukwu ọnụọgụ mgbọrọgwụ. Ọ bụrụ na-akọghị eto eto n'usoro, ohia ga-ndo ndo ma mepuokwa ihe.
Chokeberry Aronia, ma ọ bụ Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)Na-elekọta "chokeberry"
Nlekọta anya maka chokeberry aronia mejupụtara ala, ịsa mmiri, ịkọ nri, kwachaa ya na ikwugharị ahịhịa, na-alụ ọgụ na ọrịa.
N’oge ọkọchị, ahịhịa kpọrọ nkụ, a na-enye mmiri mkpụrụ osisi chokeberry mgbe mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri abụọ na abụọ gachara wee kọọ mmiri ozugbo iji mebie oke mmiri. Na afọ, ugboro nke atọ na-ebelata, dị ka onye mgbọrọgwụ mikwuo emie ka 2 - 3 mita na ike onwe ha nye bushes na mkpa mmiri.
A na-enye Aronia chokeberry nri ugboro abụọ n'afọ. N'oge opupu ihe ubi, a na-akwadebe ngwakọta nke ahịhịa ma ọ bụ nsị nke nnụnụ na mmiri nnu ma ọ bụ ntụ tupu ebupụta. N’oge nke abụọ, ha na-enyeju ha nri okpukpo nri nke ifuru tupu ahịhịa. Maka inye nri nri ash (1-2 iko), nitrophosphate (20-25 g), Kemir (20-30 g), nri ndi ozo nwere oke- na microelements. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, mgbe owuwe ihe ubi (dịka ọnọdụ nke ihe ọkụkụ dị), a na-eji superphosphate na potassium sulfate maka akwa akwa, n'otu n'otu, na 50 na 30 g / ohia.
N'oge opupu ihe ubi, tupu ị budding, a na-eme ịkpụcha ọcha kwa afọ. Aronia chokeberry Ome na-ebipu na ala ozo. Mgbe ị na-akwachasị akwụkwọ, a na-ebipụkwa ome ndị na-enweghị isi, na-ahapụ 5-6 nke ọma, nke na-amị mkpụrụ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 5-7, a na-eme ihe iji dochie ya. Iji dochie Ome ndị buru ibu ma gbochie uto nke ohia nke "aronia" 2-3 na-ahapụ obere ome. Ihe ngosi ahụ na-emezi owuwe ihe ubi nke afọ 5-7 ma ọ nọ n'okpuru ndị ọzọ. Oke ohia guzobere nke oma nwere ogo 40-45 nke oge di iche iche. A na - eme ntụzigharị zuru ezu mgbe afọ 10-12 gachara, dabere n'ọnọdụ ohia. Rehazi ohuru na eme ka nkpuru ohia di ogologo.
Mmeputakwa nke "chokeberry"
Aronia aronia na-aba ụba site na nkpuru na nkpuru. Vegetatively, dị ka ihe niile mgbọrọgwụ-sikrobisi osisi - cuttings, cuttings, mgbọrọgwụ mkpụrụ, nkerisi ohia, yana ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi.
Aronia chokeberry mkpụrụ ga-akụ ya n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ n'ime ala, ebe ha na-anata ụdị edozi n'oge oge oyi. A na-akụ akụ ndị toro eto na ebe na-adịgide adịgide n'afọ ọzọ. Mgbe ị na-agbasa site na seedlings, a ga-agharịrị ịgha mkpụrụ maka 3 - 4 ọnwa. Ọzụzụ na ilekọta nke osisi, dị ka osisi ndị ọzọ.
A na-eme ka ahịhịa ndị na-agbasa ngwa ngwa nke chokeberry bushes dika otu a ka osisi ndi ozo si gbue.
Chokeberry Aronia, ma ọ bụ Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)Ogwurugwu chokeberry di iche iche maka itolite n’ime ulo
Varietiesdị ndị kachasị ewu ewu bụ ụlọ na agwakọta.
- Nero, Altai big-fruited, Black-eyed, Grandiolia, Rubin, Estland, wdg.
Nke ndi ozo di iche chokeberry chokeberry, ihe ndi ozo:
- Finnish - Viking, Hakkia, Belder,
- Polish - Kutno, Nova Ves, Dubrovice,
- Danish dịgasị iche iche Aron.
Ọrụ ozuzu bụ nke kachasị n’ị nweta ụdị ngwakọ nke ntu oyi na-eguzogide, nke na-ekwenye ekwenye dị ukwuu, na nnukwu mkpụrụ. Dabere na ihe ngosi a na-ahụ anya, enweghị ike iche iche "chokeberry". Ọdịiche na - apụta naanị mgbe iwe ihe ubi, mgbe mkpụrụ osisi enweta uto agwa. Ya mere, a ga-azụta ụdị ndị ahọpụtara site na katalọgụ naanị na ebe a na-elekọta ụmụaka pụrụ iche, ebe n'otu oge ị ga - enweta ndụmọdụ ruru eru.
Pesti na nchedo ọrịa
Chokeberry chokeberry na-eguzogide ọgwụ na ọrịa na-efe efe. N'afọ ụfọdụ, a na-ahụ ọnya aphids, osisi nla, ugwu nla, nla osisi udara, udara uyi, na oke osisi. Ọ dị mma iji chịkwaa ihe ndị nwere nje na mkpụrụ osisi sitere na nje ndị a na - eme ihe megide ahịhịa ndị ọzọ: dendrobacillin, bitoxibacillin, verticillin, bicol, boverin na ndị ọzọ. N'ime kemịkal ahụ, a na-atụ aro ka ọ na-emeso chokeberry chokeberry na oge opupu ihe ubi tupu mmalite nwa osisi na n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ mgbe akwukwo daa na 1-2% nke ọla kọpa sulfate ma ọ bụ mmiri Bordeaux.
Nke oria na eleghara anya chokeberry plantings, nje necrosis nke stalks nke n'ụgbụgbọ, ọkụ monilial, akwukwo ajari na a anya anya si kụrụ emetụta ajari (apụl, ube) nwere ike ịzụlite, adịkarịghị - malitere ịrịa spotting. Ọgụ ọrịa, yana ahụhụ, bụ ihe kachasị mma iji ngwaahịa ndị sitere na nje, na-eji haupsin oge, phytosporin, gamair, glyocladine, trichodermin na ndị ọzọ. N'ezie, ịnwere ike iji ọgwụ ọhụụ na ndepụta ndị a na-atụ aro kwa afọ.
Ala ndu nwere nkpuru oma na oria na oria site na isorobere ntuziaka. Maka ọgwụgwọ n'oge opupu ihe ubi, enwere ike iji ọgwụgwọ kemịkalụ, mana ọ bụ naanị ruo mgbe ifuru ga-emeghe.
