A na-akpọkarị uzuoku n'ime ugboMkpụrụ osisi beriA hụrụ na ihu igwe dị mma na ebe niile oyi na mpaghara niile nke Northern Hemisphere, na Mkpụrụ osisi berisitere na North America. A na-etolite ụdị azụ nke ikpeazụ dịka mkpụrụ osisi na ihe ọkụkụ ornamental. Speciesdị abụọ a nwere akụkụ nke Vaccinium Vusinium (VacciniumHeather (Ericaceae) Na mgbakwunye na ahịhịa mkpụrụ osisi breeki ozugbo, mkpụrụ osisi a gụnyere ọtụtụ osisi beri a ma ama - lingonberries, cranberries, blueberries.
Aha ndị ọzọ na-ewu ewu na obodo maka mkpụrụ osisi bred (ma ọ bụ ya tomato): waterdrops, kabeeji na-apụta, kabeeji rolls, gonobob, gonobel, gonoboy, gonobol, nzuzu, dope, nzuzu, dope, beri, mmanya na-egbu egbu, mmanya na-egbu egbu, mmanya na-egbu egbu, mmanya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, blueberry.
Mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ blueberries onye a drunkụrụma ma ọ bụ gonobobel n'ihi na ọ bụ mmanya na-egbu egbu ma na-egbu mgbu isi ọwụwa. Mana n’ezie, ihe mere ihe ịtụnanya ndị a bụ Rosemary, na-etokarị na nso bred.
Mkpụrụ osisi blọpị na-ahụkarị.
Na ókèala Russia n'ọdịdị, enwere otu ụdị - bluuberi pọpọpọ, mana ọ bụgaghị n'ọdịnala. Na akwụkwọ, dị ka nke Russian nke aha Blueberry nkịtị (Vaccinium uliginosum) achọpụtakwala: ahịhịa na-acha bred, ala nke breeki, na-acha bred.
Na United States na Canada, ọtụtụ ụdị mkpụrụ osisi pọpọpọs na-eto n'ebe obibi ha, mana ndị na-azụ nwa dọtara uche gaa na blueberries toro ogologo (corymbose, bluuberi ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ osisi bluubis nke toro ogologo, ma ọ bụ gluteus beri) (Vaccinium corymbosum), ugbu a na USA, enwere ụdị 45 na ụdị ya. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ụdị mkpụrụ osisi bekee a na-acha odo odo nọ na etiti nlebara anya nke ndị na-ahụ maka ndị ọbịa Russia.
Mkpụrụ osisi beri
Iche iche nke blueberries toro ogologo
N’adịghị ka mkpụrụ osisi bred, ọhịa (nke a kụrụ akọ) nwere ọtụtụ vitamin P na carotene. Nlele mara mma na uto mara mma - uto ụtọ nke nnukwu tomato, ezigbo owuwe ihe ubi (site na osisi nke afọ 6-8 - ruo 2-2.5 n'arọ) mara ọdịbendị bishọp.
Afọ iri itoolu gara aga, ahọrọ Brooks na ahịhịa mkpụrụ osisi ojii (ogologo) na North America. N'afọ sochirinụ, site n'ụdị mkpụrụ osisi bluub ọzọ dị ala, enwetara ụdị mkpụrụ osisi blueberry ọzọ - Russell, dwarf, ntu oyi na-eguzogide, n'oge mfri eke. Inggabiga ụdị osisi abụọ ahụ rụpụtara ihe ọma, mgbe ahụ ejikọtara ụdị nke atọ - blueberry nke dị na ndịda. N'ihi nsonaazụ, a nwetara ụdị dị iche iche bara uru: Ọsụ ụzọ, Caboti, Katarina, Rubel.
Na mpaghara Moscow, ụdị mkpụrụ osisi kacha acha odo odo na North American bụ: Dixie, Jersey, Rankocas, Weymouth. Varietiesdị ndị a na-amị mkpụrụ kwa afọ, na-akpụ brushes buru ibu, na udu mmiri na-eju afọ. Otutu nkpuru osisi bluuberi nke tozuru oke buru ibu nke cherry pere mpe.
Otutu iche bekee ahihia nwere ike itolite na ebe ndi ozo. Ha na-acha ifuru ma na-amị mkpụrụ kwa afọ. Ome kwa afọ na-eto site na isi olu. Uto nke alaka gbara agba nke ndi okenye. N'afọ ndị mbụ nke ahịhịa bred dị ogologo, ọ bụ naanị obere tomato ole na ole na-etolite na ha.
Mkpụrụ osisi blọgụ nkịtị.
Ala maka ubi blueberries
Ala nke ahịhịa pọmịlo toro ogologo na ọkacha mma breathable, utoojoo, rụrụ, peaty-aja. Ubi ndi n’ebighi n’uche ihe a ma kuru nkpuru ahihia bred n’apịtị ala adighi enwe afọ ojuju na uto nke osisi. Ọdịdị kachasị nke mmiri ala bụ 40-60 cm site na ụwa. N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ịsụ mmiri na mmiri mgbe niile, ala mmiri nwere ike ịdị omimi. Isi ihe maka ahịhịa mkpụrụ osisi bred bụ ọnụnọ nke ala acidic (pH na nso nke 3.8-5). Enwere ike ikpe ala nwere ihu ala mma site na ihe ngosipụta osisi, dị ka horsetail, sọrel, Mint. Ọbụna na pH nke ihe dị ka afọ 6, mkpụrụ blọgụ na-eto nwayọọ nwayọọ, ịghara ịkọ maka ịnọpụ iche, yana ọbụna ala alkaline ndị ọzọ.
Ọ bụrụ na ala dị na saịtị ahụ bụ ihe kachasịkarị, ya bụ, ọ bụghị acidic, mgbe ahụ, a na-ewepụ bọket 5-6 ala n'olulu 0.5-0.6 m na dayameta n'obosara, olulu ahụ dịpụrụ adịpụ na mbadamba, polyethylene ma ọ bụ iberibe tin ma jupụta na peat acid. Ọ bụrụ na peat ezughi oke, gbakwunye (ọ bụghị ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ngụkọta oke) sawdust, ibe osisi, ogbugbo, na ọbụna ka mma - n'arụ obere pine-spruce agịga site na oke ọhịa dị nso. A na-enweta ezigbo nsonaazụ site na ịmị mkpụrụ ahịhịa mkpụrụ osisi apụl naanị na mkpụrụ nke ahịhịa ala. Ọ bara uru ịgha mkpụrụ n'ala mgbe o jiri ahịhịa dị larịị (7-15 cm) nke otu ahihia, osisi ma ọ bụ ahịhịa amị, nke na-enyere aka ichekwa mmiri ma gbochie mmepe nke ahịhịa.
Enwere nhọrọ ọzọ maka acid acid ala: otu afọ tupu ịmalite ahịhịa nke ahịhịa mkpụrụ osisi, a na-etinye sọlfọ (250 g kwa 1 m3 nke ala) na ya ma ọ bụ nri ịnweta dịka ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, urea, potassium sulfate, nitroammophoska. Abụọ ndị nke mbụ maka otu mita ọ bụla na-agbakwunye karịa 20 g, nke ikpeazụ - ọkara belata. Isi ihe abụghị ị toụbiga ya ókè.
Enwere ọtụtụ Ezi ntụziaka maka ịgha mkpụrụ osisi bred, ma ụzọ kachasị mfe ma dị ọnụ ala bụ iji weta sawdust, hapụ ha ka ha tufue ahịhịa, dinaa n'ubi ahụ nke nwere ogo 40-50 cm, ma ọ bụ mepụta ngwakọta ma kụọ ya n'ime mkpụrụ osisi mkpụrụ osisi mkpụrụ osisi bred site na 80-90 cm n'usoro na mgbe ọ gasịrị m n'etiti ahịrị.
Mkpụrụ osisi blọpị na-ahụkarị.
Ntkụ mkpụrụ osisi bred
A na-ere mkpụrụ osisi pọpụpọ fig. Seedlings nwere oghe mgbọrọgwụ usoro gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ oke. Ihe kpatara ya bụ symbiosis nke mkpụrụ osisi pọpụpọ nwere ahịhịa saprophyte, nke na-enyere ihe ọkụkụ ahụ aka ịmịcha ihe ndị dị mkpa si n'ala. Ọtụtụ mgbe, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-enye obere ihe ọkụkụ na-enwe ifuru na-adịghị mma. Sdị sissies ndị ahụ, mgbe ha na-abanye n'ime ala, ga-enwerịrị ike nwuo n'oge mbụ dị jụụ. N'oge opupu ihe ubi, n'ezie, kama alaka nwụrụ anwụ, ọhụụ, mana ka mma, enwere ike ịchekwa seedlings nwere ike ịchekwa ya na okpuru ulo ruo mgbe oge ọkụ na-esote na mgbakwunye okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ, kachasị njọ, etinye ya na windo lightest n'ime ụlọ ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na batrị dị n’agbata etiti dị na windo na-asọpu ma na-ekpo oke ikuku gbara ya gburugburu, n’etiti ya na osisi ị ga-eji wuo ihe nchebe dị mfe - site na plywood ma ọ bụ kaadiboodu na, ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-ekwe omume, mee ka iru mmiri ikuku dịkwuo elu. Ahịhịa ubi kụrụ kụrụ n'ime ụlọ na njedebe nke May, mgbe iyi egwu nke ntu oyi ikpeazụ. Ha na-edowe ya n’ebe dị anya otu mita na ọkara n’agbata ahịhịa.
N’ime oganihu, inwere ike itolia ahihia nke ubi n’ime igbe osisi, bolu, nnukwu seramiiki ma obu oburu plastik nwere ezigbo igbapu site na mpempe ubara gbasaa ma obu obere okwute. Peat maka tankị ndị dị otú a chọrọ obere - kpomkwem site na olu ha. Akụ na ụba ma mara mma. Ọ bụghị ihe mberede na mba ofesi, ihe ọkụkụ na-eto eto nke nwere akwụkwọ ndụ gbara n'ite na-achọ mma, mbata, ogige. Ha tinyere ha n'ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ ahụ. (N’eziokwu, na teknụzụ ndị dị otú a na-eto eto n’etiti Russia, enwere nsogbu dị obere. Maka oge oyi, a ghaghi ili ite n’ime ala ma ọ bụ tinye ya n’ime ụlọ na-enweghị mmiri).
Shrub nke bluuberi nkịtị.
Nlekọta bluuberi ubi
Mgbe ị na-edozi ala, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche na sistemụ nke mkpụrụ osisi pọpụl dị na-esighi ike ma dị na elu ala sentimita 15 dị elu. Ya mere, osisi na-anabata nke ọma kwa afọ peat mulching na oyi akwa nke ruru 5 cm, na-etinye nri nitrogen na atọ. Ubi ahihia a na-anakwere nke ọma na mmalite oge opupu ihe ubi nke ohia ahụ: igbutu alaka ya na ọkwa ala ya, belata osisi na-adịghị ike, yana nhugharị ya na okpueze nke osisi, ịkọ ahịhịa, wdg. Mgbe mgbochi nke ịka nká nke alaka ochie ka ọghọm ya na elu ala, a na-etolite ome kwa afọ - nke a na-akpọ ome nke nguzobe, nke akụkụ ya ruru 0-1-1. 9-10 cm Ogo nke tomato na ihe ọkụkụ na-adabere na ụdị dịgasị iche iche.
Mgbasa nke blueberries toro ogologo
Mkpụrụ osisi bekee na-agba ahịhịa na-akụ mkpụrụ site na mkpụrụ. N'oge mkpụrụ, a na-ahọrọ mkpụrụ osisi site na mkpụrụ osisi zuru oke nke anakọtara site na bushes ndị na-amị mkpụrụ ma dị mma. Mkpụrụ osisi a mịrị amị na-agbakasị ngwa ngwa ma kụọ ya mbubreyo ọdịda tupu ịkwadebere, nwere acid peat na ridges ridges. Maka ịgha mkpụrụ n'oge opupu ihe ubi, ọnwa na-agha mkpụrụ maka ọnwa atọ. Kụrụ mkpụrụ na uzo, na omimi nke 1 cm, nke nke ntakịrị ihe eji eme ya. Yet mkpụrụ ya na mkpụrụ nke ájá na peat na nha nke 3: 1. Osisi na-akụ nke ọma na ala nke 23-25 C na iru ala nke ihe dịka 40% site na ịdị arọ nke ala. Nlekọta nke osisi na –eme ka ala na-atọlata oge niile, weeding nke ahịhịa, na-agba mmiri. Iji mee ka uto nke mkpụrụ osisi, mkpụrụ vaịnịrị ke afọ nke abụọ, malite na oge opupu ihe ubi, a na-enye nri nitrogen maka nri. Afọ abụọ, a na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi n’ebe a na-agha mkpụrụ maka ya. Emechaa ha gbue ma kụọ maka ịzụlite n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ebe a na-enye ha nnukwu nri. Mgbe afọ 1-2 gasịrị, a na-atụgharị mkpụrụ osisi toro eto na ebe na-adịgide adịgide n'ogige ahụ, mana ọ ga-adị mma ịmebe nhọpụta mbụ nke mkpụrụ nke na-ekwe nkwa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ịmịpụta ngwaahịa na njiri mara ndị ọzọ.
Ndị ọrụ ubi na-amu amu, na-achọta mkpụrụ osisi na-ekwenye ekwenye dị elu na ọnọdụ eke, gbanye ha n'ubi ha. Ọ ka mma ka ịghasa ogwe na-akụ, akụkụ nke ohia ma ọ bụ egbute rhizome cuttings, karịa ọhịa ahụ. Enwere ike igbutu akụkụ nke ahihia a gwuru na mkpụrụ rhizomes 5-7 cm ogologo. Mkpụrụ vaịn a na-akụkwa ahịhịa site na mkpụrụ osisi rhizome, nke a na-egbute n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, mgbe akwụkwọ daa, ma ọ bụ n'isi mmalite oge. Ogologo aka ahụ sitere na 7 ruo 15 cm, dayameta - nke ka ukwuu, ngwa ngwa ọ na-etolite mmụba na usoro mgbọrọgwụ. Iji melite ọnụego nlanarị, a na-ekpute mkpirisi ahụ na obere ọnọdụ dị mma (site na 1 ruo 5 Celsius) maka otu ọnwa. Mgbe ahụ, a na-akụ ha na mkpụrụ rụrụ na ájá na peat 3: 1 (chọrọ) ma fesa n'elu sentimita ise nke otu sentimita n'elu ya. Site n'inwe nlekọta dị mma, mgbe afọ abụọ gasịrị, mkpụrụ osisi toro eto nke ọma, ha na-atụgharị gaa n'ebe na-adịgide adịgide n'ogige. Ahịhịa na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi na-abanye na-amị mkpụrụ n'afọ nke anọ, seedlings - nke asaa.
Site na nnukwu mmeputakwa nke nkpuru ahihia ahihia di iche iche bara uru na iji bulite mmeputa omumu, ha n’eji otutu na ahihia ahihia. Mgbe etinyere na osisi, ụdị Bluray, Coville, Herbert, Rankokas, Scammel, Dixie, Rannaya Sinaya na Bluk-prop (70-97%) na-agbanye mkpọrọgwụ. Berkeley, Atlantic na Nke 13 (40-50%) na-agbanyeghị mkpọrọgwụ.
Mkpụrụ osisi blọpị na-ahụkarị.
Ofdị Blueberries
Mkpụrụ osisi bluuberi (Vaccinium uliginosum)
Dị ka o kwesịrị, bred na-eto n'ime ọhịa, apịtị ma ọ bụ nkume tundra na ala adịghị ala acidic, hummocks, n'ugwu ruo n'ugwu a na-akpọ tundra, na ndịda na eriri mgbago ugwu, na mpaghara Europe nke Russia site na Arctic ruo Ukraine, yana na mpaghara ugwu alị e , ugwu nke Caucasus, na Ural, Siberia na Far East, na-agbago n'ugwu ahụ ruo elu 3,000 mita dị elu karịa oke osimiri. N'ime ụdị a, ihe dị iche iche na-adị iche iche, nke ọ bụla na-eto eto ebe obibi ya na mpaghara. Ọ na-echebe na mee.
Mkpụrụ osisi bluubi nwere nnukwu ebe obibi dị mma: ha nwere ike itolite na ala kpọrọ nkụ, ma na ala akọrọ na ugwu, na-eto nke ọma na ọkụ karịa mpaghara ndo. Ọtụtụ ndị na-eguzogide oyi karịa lingonberries na bluuberi, anaghị ata ahụhụ site na ntu oyi. Mkpụrụ osisi bluuberi bụ oligotroph nke nwere ike itolite na oke oke ala yana oke acidic. Ọ na-emeghachi omume n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ọrụ nke superphosphate na-ere site na oke, na-abawanye arụpụta.
Mkpụrụ osisi vaịn toro ogologo (Vaccinium corymbosum)
Na mbụ site na North America. Na-agbakọ na ala mmiri na ala mmiri. N'ụlọ, nke a bụ ọdịbendị zuru oke nke ahịhịa ndụ: ọ na-agba agba na ebe a na-akụ ihe ọkụkụ, a kụrụ ya na atụmatụ onwe onye, na nso ụlọ. Na steeti ndị ugwu nke USA na Canada, mkpụrụ osisi bred na-ewu ewu karịa akụ ojii. A kọwara kọwara ọnọdụ a n'ụzọ dị mfe - beri dị ụtọ ma mara mma. A na-akpọ blackberry American dị ogologo n'ihi na ọ na-eto ruo mita abụọ. Osisi ahụ na-eto n’afọ nke atọ mgbe o kusịrị. Dayameta nke beri bụ site na 10 ruo 25 mm. Owuwe ihe ubi na USA - 10 n'arọ site na ohia, na Russia, ya na oge mkpumkpu dị mkpụmkpụ - site na 0,5 ruo 7 n'arọ. Ọ bụghị ụdị ndị si mba ọzọ niile dabara adaba maka mmachi etiti, mana tumadi nke mmalite na ọkara. Laterdị ụfọdụ mechara mechara tolite na 30%, belụsọ, n'ezie, ha toro na griin haus.
Mkpụrụ osisi pọpụl pọpụpọ, ma ọ bụ brọkọlo toro ogologo, ma ọ bụ cinquefoil.
Blueberry Covilla (Vaccinium covilleanum)
A na-enweta ahịhịa mkpụrụ osisi na-acha odo odo n'ihi hybridization nke ụdị mkpụrụ osisi Hollywood North America abụọ na-eto eto na n'ugbo ụlọ ọrụ iji nweta tomato ugbua ọ fọrọ nke nta n'akụkụ ụwa niile, gụnyere Russia. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, e nwere ihe karịrị ụdị mkpụrụ osisi bịrịbịa iri ise dị iche iche na ụbọchị iche. Nke a bụ obere osisi dị ogologo nke dị mkpụmkpụ nke ogologo osisi dị 0.7 ruo 2.5 (nke dabere na ya), nke buru ibu, nwere dayameta nke 1.5-2,2 cm, dị ụtọ nke ukwuu ma tọọ ụtọ. Owuwe ihe ubi si na ohia site na 2 ruo 8 n'arọ. Ọ na-eto nke ọma ma na anyanwụ na ele mmadụ anya n'ihu ndo, ma na-amị ọtụtụ n'ụba naanị na ezigbo ìhè. Na mgbakwunye na ogige heather, a ga-akụ ya dị ka ahịhịa dị n'okpuru osisi na-adọrọ adọrọ, yana iji ya na oke. Ọ nwere ezigbo obi ike n'oge oyi, ma na nnukwu oyi na-enweghị snow na-enweghị ebe obibi ọ nwere ike ajụ oyi.
Mkpụrụ osisi na-acha anụnụ anụnụ.
Ọrịa Blueberry na Ọrịa
Na mba niile ebe a na-akọ ahịhịa blọgụ toro ogologo, ọrịa kachasị bụ igba ọkụ (ọkụ ala ala) nke kpatara ero Godronia cassandrae (ogbo ezughị oke - Fusicoccum putrefaciens Shear). Ọrịa ahụ na-akpata ọnwụ nke osisi na-eto eto na ọnwụ nke onye ọ bụla na-eto eto na ndị okenye, yana mmụba dị ukwuu na mkpụrụ. Ihe ịrịba ama nke mbụ nke ọrịa na-apụta n'oge oyi, ọtụtụ mgbe na uto ndị kachasị ọhụrụ. Obere uhie na-acha uhie uhie na-egosi na mpaghara akwụkwọ site na akwụkwọ ya na Ome ndị ahụ n'onwe ha, nke na-abawanye na nha, na-aghọ oval, chestnut-brown, na-akụ oge ịse ahụ ma na-eme ka ọ nwụọ. Na Ome ndị ochie, a na-eji ọnya ọgbasa na-agbasawanye nwayọọ nwayọọ, kpuchie ya na ahịhịa. Akwụkwọ nke ahịhịa ndị nwere ọrịa na-enweta ụcha na-acha ọbara ọbara na-acha ọbara ọbara ogologo oge tupu ụcha agba nke ụcha. N'oge ọkọchị, ero na-akpụzi ahihia na agba aja aja na akwụkwọ nwere chapaya na-acha uhie uhie na-acha ọbara ọbara. Iji lụsoo ọrịa ọgụ, nke mbụ, zere ịka ahịhịa na mpaghara nwere oke mmiri, yana itinye ọgwụ oke nri nke nitrogen. Na mgbakwunye, ha na-akwacha ma na-agba Ome ahụ ọkụ.
Ọ bụrụ na ị naghị eme nchọpụta oge na njikwa nke ọrịa na ụmụ ahụhụ, ha nwere ike imebi ubi mkpụrụ osisi blueberry ubi ma duga nnukwu mbelata na mkpụrụ. Na bluuberi, enwere ọrịa nke nje funs na nje na - akpata. Ihe dị ka ụdị mkpụrụ 70 na-egbu egbu na-acha na blọgụ na kranberị.
N'ime ndị a, ndị a bụ ihe ndị kachasị emerụ ubi maka ahịhịa mkpụrụ osisi:
- Godronia cassandrae - na - ebute ọrịa akpọ akpọ cancer stem
- Septoria albopunctata - na - ebute ntụpọ akwukwo
- Phyllostictina vaccinii - na emebi obosara nke osisi
- Gleocercospora inconspicua - na - ebute ntụpọ akwukwo
- Monilinia vaccinii - na - ebute mkpị nke ome na ifuru na - eto eto, na mmụba nke mkpụrụ osisi tomato
- Microsphaera ami (mildew) - na - akpata mkpuchi ọcha n’elu elu akwụkwọ
- Pucciniastrum myrtylli (ajari) - na-etolite n’ụdị epiphytoties ma na-eme ka akwụkwọ ya daa n’oge n’oge.
- Pucciniastrum goeppertianum - kpọrọ "amoosu brooms"
- Phylospora corticus - ihe na - ebute ọrịa kansa nke kansa
- Phomopsis vacinii - na - akpata ọnwụ nke alaka
- Cinerea nke nwere obere nri - na-emetụta okooko osisi, mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ ya na ihu igwe oge oke
- Exobasiduum vaccinii - na - ebute oke ọbara ọbara na acha ọbara ọbara nke ifuru, mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri
Tozọ iji lụsoo ọrịa nje edepụtara edepụtara - ọgwụgwọ ya na ọgwụ ndị dị adị n'oge ọkọchị.
Nke nje virus, a na-ahụ ihe ndị a:
- viral dwarfism - akpata ahịhịa dwarf na nguzobe nke obere akwụkwọ odo na udu mmiri
- alaka filamentous - na - akpata udiri uhie na alaka ndi na - eto eto
- uhie annular hụrụ ntụpọ - ntụpọ uhie nke annular na - apụta na akwụkwọ ochie. Otu n'ime ọrịa bluub kasị dị ize ndụ na USA
- necrotic okirikiri akwukwo ntụpọ - na-akpata chlorotic tụrụ, n'ọnọdụ nke oghere mgbe ahụ na-etolite, na-ewusi uto ma na-akwalite nkụ nke alaka
- mosaic - Akwụkwọ na-atụgharị mosaiki na-acha odo odo
- Ọrịa nje ụba bụ otu n’ime ọrịa mkpụrụ osisi na-egbu egbu na-acha odo odo na Michigan. Oge gafere na-ewe ihe dị ka afọ 4, mgbe ahụ, uto nke osisi na-akwụsịlata, agba nke akwụkwọ na-agbanwe, ụdọ yiri akpụkpọ ụkwụ. N'ihi ihe isi ike ịchọpụta ọrịa a, mmepụta mkpụrụ osisi apụl na Michigan na United States n'ozuzu nọ n'ihe ize ndụ
Againstkpụrụ ndị a na-emegide oria nje: mbibi nke osisi nwere ọrịa na ịgba ebe ọrịa, yana nhọrọ nke ụdị na-eguzogide ọrịa ahụ.
