Monkọ mkpụrụ almọnd

Osisi almọnd bụ osisi ma ọ bụ obere osisi ruo 10 m dị elu (dabere na iche) yana usoro mgbọrọgwụ siri ike na-eru 4-5 m omimi. Okpueze nke osisi ahụ nwere ike ịbụ okirikiri, pyramid, itịhịa na ọbụna ịkwa ákwá.

Mkpụrụ osisi almọnd (Prunus dulcisn'oge gara aga - Prunus amygdalus ma obu Amygdalus communis) subgenus almọnd (osisi)Amygdalus) genus Plum. A na-ekekarị almọnd dị ka mkpụrụ, ọ bụ ezie na site na ụzọ e si ele ya anya, ọ bụ mkpụrụ osisi.

A na-akọ almọnd n'ọtụtụ ebe na ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, na ala nke mbụ USSR ọ toro na Central Asia, Transcaucasia, Crimea, na mpaghara Danube na mpaghara ndịda.

Osisi alimon (Prunus dulcis)

Nkọwapụta Almond

Enwere uzo abuo alimondu abuo - ilu (oke) na nkpuru uto. Mkpụrụ (isi) dị ilu nwere ihe ruru 4% amygdalin, nke na-enye ya uto ilu na isi “alimon” na njirimara; n'ụdị ọdịbendị, isi ya nwere akpụkpọ ahụ mejupụtara. N'ihe banyere uru nri na-edozi ahụ, mmanụ almọnd adịghị ala ala maka achịcha, mmiri ara ehi na anụ a jikọtara ọnụ. Dabere na ụdị dịgasị iche iche na ebe itolite, o nwere mmanu abụba 54-62%, protein 22-34%, shuga 4-7%, vitamin B1, B2, wdg. Almond mmanụ adịghị ere. Site na Njirimara ha, enwere ike ịchekwa mkpụrụ ma rie ya ọtụtụ afọ.

Okooko osisi alimon dị ukwuu, na-acha ọcha ma ọ bụ nke pink (almọnd ịchọ mma nwere ike ịbụ okpukpu abụọ), na-esi ísì ụtọ. A na-ejikwa osisi almọnd na-amịpụta (March-Eprel) dị ka mkpụrụ mmanụ a honeyụ n'oge, na-enye 40 kilogram mmanụ a heụ kwa hectare.

Osisi almọnd na-amalite ịmị mkpụrụ n’afọ 4-5 mgbe akụchara, ma na-amị mkpụrụ n’ụzọ zuru ezu n’ime afọ nke 10-12. Nkezi mkpụrụ, dabere na ụdị dịgasị iche, sitere na 6 ruo 12 n'arọ nke ukpa sitere na osisi, na ndụ nke osisi ahụ n'onwe ya bụ afọ 60-100.

Mkpụrụ osisi almond na-achaghị nro © Fir0002 / Flagstaffotos

Mkpụrụ alimondu bụ akpọnwụ nke na-acha ma yie mkpụrụ osisi peach na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ, nke nwere pensụl nke pubescent, na-adọwa mgbe agbaji (n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ – Septemba) n'ime akwụkwọ abụọ n'akụkụ akwa ahụ, na-ahapụ nkume ahụ.

Dika ihe siri ike nke shei ahu, nkpuru osisi almọnd, dabere na nkpuru di iche iche, nwere ike idoziri onwe ha nke oma. Na nke dị gịrịgịrị nke shei ahụ, ahụ dị elu karịa pasent pasent nke mmepụta kernel. Iji maa atụ, ọ bụrụ na ọdịnaya nke kernel dị na akarị karịrị 40%, mgbe ahụ isi ike nke shei ahụ na-ebelata site na nbibi dị nro gaa na mpempe akwụkwọ, nke a na-eji mkpịsị aka mebie.

N'ile anya na udi, alimonon kernel yiri kernel aprịkọt, mana buru nnukwu ibu - oke ya sitere na 0.9 ruo 2.2 g.

Ọnọdụ almond

Osisi almọnd na-ama mma, mmiri na-eguzogide mmiri, na-anagide ihe ọkụkụ, dị ka oyi-ure: na-egbochi frosts nke mwepu 25 Celsius C, mana ntu oyi na-egbu okooko osisi.

Maka ịkọ osisi almọnd, mmadụ kwesịrị ịhọrọ mpaghara dị elu nke nnukwu ndagide ma ọ bụ mkpọda ndị ọzọ, na-echebe site na mmetụta nke oke oyi na-eche ihu n'ebe ugwu, n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ. Maka almọnd, a na-ahọrọ “nnukwu ihe ọkụkụ” sara mbara nke na-emeghe na ndịda.

Mkpụrụ osisi na mkpụrụ (“aku”) nke almọnd. Nova

Ala. Ihe almọnd na-eto nke ọma ma mịa mkpụrụ na mgbado ọkụ na loams, yana na nkịtị, carbonate na leno chernozems. Ihe dị elu nke wayo na ala ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'okpuru ala na-egosi na o kwesịrị ekwesị maka ubi almọnd. Ha niile kwesịrị ịbụ nke ọma, n'ihi ya acidic na saline soils sọks adịghị mma.

Osisi almond

A na-eme ihe akuku site na mkpụrụ osisi afọ kwa afọ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ n'oge opupu ihe ubi dabere na atụmatụ 7 or 5 ma ọ bụ 7 with 4 na obere omimi nke ebe ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ahụ. Varietiesdị mkpụrụ osisi almọnd niile chọrọ ka aga-eke pollin, ya mere aghagh ịgha mkpụrụ dị iche iche na-etolite 4-6 site, ịgbanye (mgbe ị na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi) 4-5 ahịrị nke isi dị iche iche. N'ikwu ya, ka osisi almọnd wee mịa mkpụrụ mgbe ọ chachara, osisi nke dịkarịa ala ụdị atọ ga-eto n'akụkụ. Osisi almọnd bụ ụdị ahịhịa na-egbu mmiri nke a beesụ bụ ihe na-ebu pollen. Ya mere, tupu ahihia n’ubi, o bu ihe odi nma itinye 3-4 hives kwa hectare.

Mgbasa alimondu

Ctionmịpụta mkpụrụ almọnd bụ ihe ọkụkụ - site na ifuru (inoculation), yana site na mkpụrụ. Ihe a na-akụ bụ osisi dị ilu ma ọ bụ ihe na-atọ ụtọ, piich, pelbum ma ọ bụ plums, nke a na-akụ mgbe ọ dị afọ abụọ.

Osisi almond. © Manfred Heyde

Usoro almond

Ozugbo ịgha mkpụrụ n'oge opupu ihe ubi, a na-eme mkpụkọ almond kwa afọ na ogo 80-120 cm, na-etolite okirikiri 60-80 cm, na okpu okpueze 30-40 cm. A na-ebipụ alaka niile dị na steeti n'ime mgbaaka, na mpaghara okpueze, ha na-ebelata site na anya 2-3. . Nke tojuru ome, a na-ahapụ 3-4 nke ike kachasị ike (akụkụ ndị gbara agba nke iwu mbụ). N'ime afọ 3-4, a na-etolite okpueze dịka ụdị nnukwu efere ahụ, nke yiri peach.

Pkpachasị osisi almọnd maka afọ 4-5 ruo mgbe akụchara na-agbaze - wepu alaka ndị na-eme okpueze, abụba na ndị asọmpi. A na-eme mkpụmkpụ nke afọ kwa ogologo karịa 60 cm, na ọkara okpu ala karịa 4-5 afọ na-agbanyeghachi na osisi dị afọ atọ.

Enwere ike iweghachi osisi almọnd ochie ma ọ bụ nke mebiri emebi mgbe ọ bụla ọ kwụsịrị ịka nká. Ọ bụrụ n’osighi osisi ndị ahụ ogologo oge, mgbe ahụ ọtụtụ ngalaba mara abụba ga-etolite na ha, alaka ga-abụ nke ogologo ga-adị ogologo, na usoro mkpụrụ ga-aghọ ihe na-adịghị ndụ.

Nlekọta Almond

N'oge ahịhịa na-amị mkpụrụ almọnd, a ga-eme ka ala ahụ dị n'okpuru uzu mmiri, na-asa ya mgbe niile, ma na-agba ya mmiri ma ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-ekwe omume. Oge ngwụsị nke mgbụsị akwụkwọ, a ga-etinye fatịlaịza - nsị nke ahịhịa (nri, compost, nnụnụ nnụnụ), phosphoric na potassium salts. Ekwesịrị itinye ọgwụ ndị nwere Nitrogen tupu June, mana ọ bụghị mgbe e mesịrị.