Genus Phlox (Phlox) bụ nke ezinụlọ Polemoniaceae (Cyanosis) ma nweekwa ụdị mkpụrụ 65. Ebe amuru osisi ndia bu North America. Ndị nnọchite niile nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọmụmụ ahụ bụ perennials, ewezuga Phlox Drummond, onye bụ osisi kwa afọ.
Aha okooko osisi mara mma ndị a sụgharịrị site na Grik pụtara "ire ọkụ". Akpọrọ osisi ahụ Karl Linnaeus n'ihi ụcha ọkụ na-acha ọbara ọbara nke ifuru na ụdị ọhịa.
Ozi izugbe
Phloxes, dabere n'ụdị ahụ nwere ike ịnwe chịrị, ma ọ bụ ịrịgo ma ọ bụ na-akpụ akpụ ị ga. Ogo ha sitere na 10-20 ruo 120-150 sentimita. Sedentary akwụkwọ na-abụghị, mgbe ụfọdụ, na elu akụkụ nke azuokokoosisi nwere ike ndokwa ke ọzọ usoro. Akwụkwọ nwere ike ịnwe ụdị oval-lanceolate, ovate-elongated ma ọ bụ ọdịdị nke lanceolate nwere ihu siri ike.
Okooko nwere dayameta nke 2.5 ruo 4 sentimita ma mepụta paniculate ma ọ bụ corymbose inflorescences. Okooko osisi mara mma n'anya nwere ọtụtụ agba: ọcha, acha uhie uhie, acha anụnụ anụnụ, pink, lilac, ọbara ọbara, nke nwere “anya” na etiti, wdg mkpụrụ osisi Phlox bụ okpokoro oval nwere ọtụtụ obere mkpụrụ.
Perennial phlox toro n’ubi a na-esite n’agbụrụ ọhịa, yana ụdị ha. Ọdịdị nke phloxes, yana njirimara ha nke ahịhịa, dị iche iche ma dịgasịkwa iche n'ime ụdị. Iji hazie ha, ndị sayensi ga-eji ụzọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.
Phlox fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụwa niile. A na-ahụ ha na ọnọdụ ihu igwe dị egwu nke Alaska na Canada, yana na ndịda mpaghara, ebe winters anaghị eme eme. Ha na-eto ma na mbara ọzara ihu igwe na na iru mmiri ihu igwe.
Ọdịdị nke phlox na-eto ọhịa na-adabere kpọmkwem na ebe ha toro. Yabụ, phloxes nke na-ebi n'oké ọhịa na oke ọhịa na elu ugwu karịrị 3,500 mita karịa oke osimiri, ahịhịa ndị na-eto eto na-etolite etolite na, oge ntoju, kpuchiri okpu nke okooko osisi na-egbuke egbuke. Phloxes na-eto ma na oke ohia nwere nkụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, phlox gbasaara) yana ọhịa akọrọ (phlox stolonoposny).
Nwekwara ike izute ha n’akụkụ osimiri, n’ime ala ndị dị n’ala ala mmiri tara mmiri, yana ọzara kpọrọ nkụ, n’elu ala aja. Phloxes dị iche n’otú ha si ele ọkụ. E nwere umu mmadu choro itolite na ndo, ma enwere ndi choro itolite na anwu onwu ma n'enwu enwughi igha ifuru.
Phloxes nwere ọdịdị di iche. Ọtụtụ n’ime ndị nnọchianya ahụ nwere ahịhịa ahịhịa kwụ ọtọ na-etolite kọmpat bushes na inflorescences na-enwu gbaa ma na-agagharị n'elu. N'ime ụdị ndị a, ọ bụ naanị rhizomes nwere buds na akụkụ ala nke ụkị oyi. Phloxes nke na-eme ka ahịhịa dị okirikiri na-akpụ akpụ, na-agbacha agbatị na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ mgbe ọ bụla.
Speciesdị ndị a na-eto oge niile n'oge opupu ihe ubi ma n'otu oge ahụ dị ka kapet na-aga n'ihu nke pink, ọcha, odo odo ma ọ bụ ifuru pink. E nwere osisi osisi phlox nwere mkpịsị ugwo na-acha uhie uhie.
Ifuru phlox nwere umu osisi ise ma nwee udi ihe eji eme ya. A na-efegharị petals ndị ahụ n'akụkụ aka nri ruo na tubị ma nwee corolla dị larịị, nke nwere ike ịnwe ụdị kpakpando, nke nwere ụkwụ, na-agbasa nke ukwuu, na-etegharị, na-eme ka ọ dị mma na ụdị ndị ọzọ. Okooko osisi na-abịa n'ọtụtụ dịgasị iche iche - larịị, nke nwere "anya", ntụpọ, ọgbụgba na ndò.
Anddị na ụdị phlox
Dabere na njiri mara morphological, a na - ekewa phloxes n'ime otu atọ:
- Bush;
- Friable;
- Na-akpụ akpụ.
Bush Lodị Phlox dị iche na mpaghara nta ọzọ abụọ. Nke mbu gunyere osisi toro ogologo, nkpuru siri ike nke nwere ike iru sentimita 180. Site na mgbụsị akwụkwọ, ntọala nke ị ga na-arapara. Phloxes nke usoro ihe omumu a nke oge ntoju na udu mmiri na mmalite mgbụsị akwụkwọ nwere ọtụtụ ifuru osisi na-esite, na-akpụ inflorescences buru ibu.
Ndị nnọchi anya mpaghara dị na mpaghara bụ ezigbo phlox, panlolololo na ntụpọ, yana phlox hụrụ n'anya. Otu nke abụọ gunyere osisi na-eto eto nke nwere ogologo ma ọ bụ nke na-agbagoro agbago siri ike, nke ịdị elu ya dị sentimita 45 ruo 60.
Phloxes nke subgroup na-etolite bushes na spherical-umbellate ma ọ bụ corymbose inflorescences na n'elu ị ga. Representativesfọdụ ndị nnọchi anya nwere ike inwe inflorescences obere panicle ma ọ bụ ahịhịa na-adịghị ahụkebe. Okpo osisi ndị a na-enwe ọ delightụ na ifuru ha na ngwụsị oge opupu ihe ubi na n'oge ọkọchị.
Ndị nnọchi anya subgroup a bụ phlox ntutu, Caroline phlox, oval phlox, lovelolololo na ndị ọzọ. Otu njiri mara nke ụyọkọ pọpọ niile bụ enweghị nke mkpụkọ na mbepụ onu ala petrol.
Friable ndị nnọchi anya phloxes ejiri ahịhịa na - eto ahịhịa dị elu na-eto ha nke ukwuu. Aha ahụ bụ n'ihi na ha na-akpụ akpụ ị ga-etolite a rụrụ turf.
Phloxes ndị a na-eto n'oge ọkọchị ma ọ bụ n'oge ọkọchị. Ndị nnọchi anya kachasị n’otu a bụ stoloiferous phlox na agbasa phlox.
Na-akpụ akpụ otu njiri mara flop na njiri mara, nke na-enwe mgbe ụfọdụ na nsọtụ ma na-etolite sọọsh na ohiri isi dị iche iche. Akwụkwọ nke phloxes ndị ahụ dị warara ma pere mpe, a na-achịkọta ha na ngwugwu, ha na-enwetakarịkwa akwụkwọ.
Osisi nwere ike iferi ma ọ bụ nke nje. Na nsọtụ nke ị ga bụ ahịhịa ifuru na otu ifuru. Na-akpụ akpụ phlox blooms na mmiri. Ndị nnọchi anya kachasị ama bụ phlox Hood, awl-ቅርፅ phlox, Douglas phlox, phlox snow, dwarf phlox na star phlox.
N'ime oge nnabata nke phlox, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ụdị na adọ ụdị ụfọdụ, agbagburu, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-abụ otu dị iche iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwetara ngwakọ ngwakọ Arends site na iji phlox gbasaara panloris. A nwetara ngwakọ mbụ sitere na obe dị otú a na 1910 site n'aka onye na-azụ nwa bụ J. Arends (ya mere aha phlox).
N'ime afọ ole na ole sochirinụ, enwetara ụdị iche 13 ọzọ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke niile, ọ bụ ihe nwute, na-efu ugbu a. Nchịkọta ngwakọ a na-akpọ Arends phlox n'oge a nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke na-ejikọta oge nke panicle paniculata okooko na okooko osisi mbụ nke gbasaa phlox.
A na-akụ Phlox ma na-elekọta ya n’ọhịa
Phloxes bụ osisi na-enweghị atụ, mana iji nweta ahịhịa na ụfụ dị ogologo, ọ dị mkpa ịhọrọ ebe kwesịrị ekwesị maka akuku ha. Ọ kachasị mma ịkọọ osisi n’ebe a na-echebe ya site na ifufe.
Phlox nwere ike itolite ma n’otu akụkụ ndo ma n’anyanwụ. Ọzọkwa, n'ebe anwụ na-acha, ifuru nke phloxes adịghị ogologo, na ifuru ụfọdụ ụdị nwere ike ịmịchasị ma na-ada n'okpuru ike nke ìhè anyanwụ.
Ala nke osisi a na-ahọrọ rụrụ, tụụrụ, na-anọpụ iche ma ọ bụ ubé acidic mmeghachi omume na mmiri zuru ezu, mana na-enweghị stagnation mmiri. Ọ bụ ihe amamihe dị na ịkwadebe ala ọdịda tupu oge opupu ihe ubi nke ifuru.
Iji mee nke a, a na-edozi ya ruo omimi nke 30 centimeters (ọ dịghị mkpa ka ọ gaa nke miri emi, ebe ọ bụ na a na-ewebata usoro mgbọrọgwụ nke phlox na bọọlụ dị elu nke ala) na osisi ash, compost na superphosphate.
Ọ bụrụ na ala bụ ụrọ, mgbe ahụ ịkwesịrị ịgbakwunye ájá na ya, na ego nke bọket 1 kwa mita, na nri fatịlaịza. Ọ bụrụ na mmeghachi omume ala bụ acidic, mgbe ahụ, ha na-agbakwunye wayo.
Nlekọta ihe ọkụkụ dị n’ime akwa a na-eme n’oge, na-atọpụ ala ma na-agba mmiri ma mmiri zoo. Ke ini etuep, ndị ọkpọ nke osisi a ga-ebipụ ala.
Mmegharị nke phlox site na nkewa nke ọhịa
Nke a nwere ike bụrụ ihe kachasị ewu ewu na ụzọ ndị a. Oge maka mbupute dị otú a bụ mmalite mmalite oge opupu ihe ubi, ma ọ bụ mgbe okooko dị n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, iji mee ka mkpụrụ osisi gbanye mgbọrọgwụ tupu oge oyi. N'oge ọkọchị, ụdị ntụgharị dị otú ahụ kwere omume, naanị ya ka eme ya na mgbede yana ezigbo ịgbara mmiri. Ma, ọ ga-bunyere n'uche na iche seedlings ga-abụ nnukwu na ọ dị oke mkpa iji chebe ụrọ akpụ na nwa osisi. Mgbe transplanting, hụ na ịgbara mmiri mgbe niile.
N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, anyị na-amalite ikewapụ oke ohia, site na-egwu ala, ekwesịrị iburu n'uche na a ga-emerịrị usoro ịmụgharị a ma ọ bụrụ na osisi ahụ eruola afọ isii. Ọzọ, anyị wepụrụ ụwa kpamkpam site na sistemụ mgbọrọgwụ. Mgbe ejiri nlezianya kewaa mgbọrọgwụ nke na-aga na azuokokoosisi. Ọ bụrụ na aka enweghị ike ikewa ohia, jiri mma. Kewaa mgbọrọgwụ, anyị nyochaa na nke ọ bụla n’ime ha nwere ome nke ome. A na-akụ akụkụ kewara ekewa ozugbo.
Mgbasa Phlox site na mkpuru
Uzo a bu ozuzu gụnyere uzo ato:
Mmeputakwa Phlox azuokokoosisi eso, usoro a adịghị mgbagwoju anya na oge kachasị mma maka nke a bụ oge uto nke ị ga-etolite, tupu okooko, njedebe nke May, mmalite nke June. Kwesịrị ịhọrọ ezigbo osisi dị mma site na osisi toro eto.
Anyị na-ekewa oge ịse ka nke ọ bụla na aka wee nwee ọtụtụ iku aka. A ga-ebipụ akwụkwọ ndị dị n'okpuru mkpirisi ahụ kpamkpam, na ọkara elu. A na-akụ mkpụrụ dị n’ime akpa nwere ahịhịa na-adị ọcha ma were ájá kpuchie elu ájá dị sentimita ole na ole n’elu ya.
Ọ bụrụ na etinyere ahịhịa n’ime ala, wee fesa ya na ahịhịa, ma ọ bụ peat, ihe dịka centimita 8 na sentimita ole na ole nke ájá n’elu. Anyị na-eji ahịhịa, na-akụ ahịhịa ma na-akụ mkpụrụ n'elu. Anyị na-agbago na anya nke ihe dị ka sentimita ise site na ibe ha.
Mgbe anyị kesasịrị, anyị na-etinye igbe na-akụ ya na griin haus ma zoo ya site na ọkụ ọkụ ruo ụbọchị iri abụọ na abụọ site na ịgbara ya mmiri ugboro atọ n'ụbọchị. Mgbe mkpụrụ osisi gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ wee gbanye mkpọrọgwụ, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-amalite ịpụta na ha, ọ dị mkpa iji aka ha gaa n'ebe ọzọ sara mbara na anya ruo 15 cm. Usoro a nwere ike ịgbasa oge niile.
Uzo nke abuo, omumu nke phlox mkpuru osisi. A na-eji usoro a kachasị mma na mbido July. Naanị na iji agụ dị gị mkpa iji obere akụrụ bee akwukwo ma jide obere azuokokoosisi.
Anyị na-akụ ahịhịa ahụ n'ime arịa rụrụ ala ma wụchaa ájá dị otu sentimita. Oghere dị n'etiti ihe ọkụkụ ahụ bụ ihe dị sentimita ise, anyị na-akụ n'ime omimi, n'ihi na nwa osisi na stem dị na ala.
Mgbe ịpụsịrị, jiri iko kpuchie akpa ahụ ma hapụ ya n'ọnọdụ gbara ọchịchịrị yana ihe dịka ogo 19. Na moisturize mgbe niile, na-adọta ikuku mgbe ụfọdụ ka ihe ọkụkụ ndị ahụ ghara ịdịrị. Mgbe anyị kwụsịrị, anyị kụrụ n'ime ala.
Thirdzọ nke atọ, mmeputakwa phlox, mkpuru osisi. Methodzọ a siri ike, mana a na - ejikarị ya iji kpochapụ nje ndị ọzọ - stem nematodes. Ọ nwere ike na-akụ ma na mmiri ma mgbe okooko. Mgbe igwuchara osisi ahụ, họrọ mgbọrọgwụ ike ma bee n'ime 6 cm iberibe.
Anyị na-akụ ya na ite ma jiri ájá dị ihe dị ka sentimita 5 fesa ya. Anyị na-agba mmiri nke ukwuu ma na-eche maka ome ọhụrụ. Ọ bụrụ na oge oyi, mgbe ahụ anyị na-etinye ya na okpuru ulo dị mma ma na-agba ya mmiri, ghara ikwe ka ala kọọ, ma na oge opupu ihe ubi, anyị na-ewepụ ya ma kpoo ya wee kpoo ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ, anyị na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na ala mepere emepe na May.
Mgbasa site na ivu
Simplezọ dị mfe dịịrị onye ọ bụla, ọbụlagodi onye na-ahụ maka ubi. A na-efesa bushes ahụ n'ụwa, nke ka mma. Ma mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, mkpọrọgwụ malitere na ome. Mgbe mgbọrọgwụ gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ, ọ dị mkpa ịkpụ ha ma kụọ ya na ala.
Mgbasa mkpụrụ
Phlox awara awara na-aghaghari site na nkpuru, ma oge obula na nkpuru omumu ihe ndia na adighi adi.
Tupu agha mkpụrụ, iji meziwanye seedlings, ịkwesịrị ikpochapụ ha na igbe. N'ihi adịghị ike ya, ọ ka mma ịgha mkpụrụ ozugbo owuwe ihe ubi. Needkwesiri ịhọrọ mkpụrụ kachasị na na Nọvemba mee mkpụrụ ịgha mkpụrụ na-emeghe ma ọ bụ igbe.
Ke ini etuep, mkpụrụ ndị ahụ ga-enweta nhọrọ eke na nke kacha nwee oge ga-amasị ya na ezi seedlings. Ha na-egosi na Mee, mgbe ọtụtụ akwụkwọ putara, a ga-akụ ha ihe dị ka 15 cm site ibe ha. N'ịgbaso iwu niile nke ịkọ na nlekọta, ị ga-agbasi mbọ ike ma tozuo.
Pests na phlox ọrịa
A pụrụ imetụta Phlox site na ahụhụ na fungal, nje na mycoplasma ọrịa. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ahịhịa mildew na-emetụta ihe ọkụkụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi nlekọta na-ezighi ezi ma ọ bụ uto na ndò.
Ọtụtụ mgbe, phloxes na-ata ahụhụ site na nchara, verticillous wilting, white spotting na mosaics.
N'ime ụmụ ahụhụ, ihe kachasị egwu bụ azuokokoosisi phlox nematode. Mgbe ikpuru a na-emetụta ahihia, elu nke ahihia na-achanwụsị na agịga, akwụkwọ ya na-adịkwa gịrịgịrị.
Agaghị agwọ ọgwụ ahụ ma ọ dị mkpa iji ala buru ibu ma kpochapụ saịtị ahụ ka ọrịa ndị ọzọ ghara ibute ọrịa.
Jiri na nhazi odida obodo
Phloxes bụ obere perennials dị mma maka ịchọ akwa ifuru. A na-akọwa ugwu ha n’etiti ndị na-elekọta ubi site na nguzogide ntu oyi, ịkọwaghị ihe, ịdị mfe nke nlekọta, yana ịma mma na ịdị ọcha nke okooko.
Enwere ike iji Phlox mee ihe dị ka ndị nnọchianya nke ogige ụlọ, ogige ndị dị n'ihu obodo, na ogige ndị dịdewere ọdọ mmiri, akwa ifuru nke odida obodo, ihunanya ma ọ bụ ụdị avant-garde.
Site na ịhọrọ ụdị phlox kwesịrị ekwesị, ị nwere ike nweta akwa ifuru, na-amalite na oge opupu ihe ubi ma na-agwụ na ụbịa. Ya mere, na-akpụ akpụ phlox ga-achọ ubi ahụ n'oge opupu ihe ubi na n'oge ọkọchị, ma na - egbu oge n'oge ọkọchị na n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ.
Mgbe ị na-akụ ihe ọkụkụ, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche ịdị elu ha na ụcha nke ifuru ka ihe ndị mepụtara mepụtara na-ekwekọ.
Can nwere ike iji okooko osisi phlox na-esi ísì ụtọ mepụta bouquets. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ kachasị mma ịkpụ ha n'ụtụtụ, tupu ịme mgbede nke ahịhịa.
Iji hụ na ngwa ọgbụgba na okpukpo okpukpu abụọ, a na-atụ aro ịhapụ ihe karịrị 7-8 n’osisi.
