Dabere na akụkọ mgbe ochie nke ndị India nke America, otu ebo nke chi ndị Aborigine nyere obere mkpụrụ nke ahịhịa amaghi. O jiri oso ahihia ndi toro ogologo kpuo onwe ya rue anyanwu. Nwatakịrị ahụ dị isi ike ritere ọnọdụ ya n'anyanwụ ma gbaa ifuru, saa ahụ ya dị ọkụ, na-agbanwe ghọọ oke ọhịa. O toro ngwa ngwa nke na ụwa kpuchiri mkpọchi, nke anya nke otu agbụrụ ochie meghere obere oblong tubers dị nro. Iji kwanyere ada nke onye ndu nke ebo ha, Mani mara nma nke nwere uda ocha ugwu, ndi obodo ahu akporo osisi ebube nke Cassava nyere onyinye. A na-ata ata ahịhịa ma nwee ọ andụ nke ukwuu. Ọhịa dị ịtụnanya gbasaa n’etiti ebo niile, onye ọ bụla nyekwara ya aha. Ya mere, akwa (cassava) nwere ọtụtụ aha - cassava, singkong, mann sampalang, yubi kayu na ndị ọzọ. Ma taa, ohia dị ịtụnanya na mkpụrụ osisi na-atọ ụtọ dị mma (dịka mana sitere na mbara igwe), nke anaghị achọ nlekọta pụrụ iche, na-enye ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 500 nọ n'ụwa. Cassava ji nke nta nke nta ghọrọ nri ọdịnihu!
Ahịhịa mkpụrụ nke Manioc ga - eme, cassava (Manihot esculenta). IITANkewa na mpaghara nkesa
Ala nna cassava bụ mpaghara ndị America na-ekpo ọkụ, mana ihe ka ukwuu n'ọdịbendị a na-etolite na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke Africa. Maka ọdịnaya nke ihe ọ juiceụ juiceụ miliki na akụkụ nke osisi ahụ, a na-ekenye akpu na ezinụlọ nke euphorbiae, ebe ekenyebere ya na ụdị "Cassava" dị iche iche nwere ụdị 100.
Mmeghari nke oma dika onodu ubochi nyere aka mee ka agbasa ezinulo ya n’ime ozara, oke mmiri ozuzo, na ndida na etiti Russia na CIS. N'ihi na zuru ripening mgbọrọgwụ tubers mkpa nkezi kwa afọ okpomọkụ nke dịkarịa ala +20 - + 25 Celsius. Ya mere, n'ime ala, a na-akọ ya naanị na ebe ogbe mmiri. Na mpaghara ndịda nke Russian Federation, a ga-akọ omenaala ahụ n'ala ebe echekwara ma tolite dị ka ifuru osisi. Ihe kachasị ama ama na-ewu ewu bụ nri Manioc na-ekpo oke ọkụ (Manihot esculenta).
Nkọwa nke Cassava
A na-anọchi anya ezumike ezinụlọ na mpaghara nke uto site na mkpịsị osisi, mkpụrụ osisi, na ndị na-erughị obere site na ndị nnọchi anya osisi.
Cassava bụ obere osisi na-eto ngwa ngwa nke nwere okpueze mara mma mara mma, na-adịkarị elu karịa mita 3 n'ịdị elu. Ahịhịa etiti ga-edokọ ka oge na-aga. Inye ahihia adighi ike, ma onodu a na ebu otutu ahihia tochiri eto n’enweghi anya. Akpukpo ahihia bu ahihia nke nwere 3-7 lobar. Ndokwa nke akwụkwọ na-esote aka na akwa lace ịchọ mma okpueze.
Mkpọrọgwụ nke ahịhịa na-acha uhie uhie na mkpọrọgwụ. © Jose CruzOkooko osisi bụ acha edo edo-acha ọcha na agba, anakọtara apical brushes na ogologo peduncles. Na ahịhịa ọ bụla dị na elu nwere okooko osisi nwoke, na nke ala - nwanyị. Na ndu nke akpu, tumadi na mmeputakwa, ifuru enweghi ihe puru iche, ma nkpuru ha na-ekpebi inessdiri nkpuru nke owuwe ihe ubi.
Ihe kachasị adọrọ mmasị bụ akụkụ ala dị n'okpuru nke ụdị akwa. A na-ata ahihia a ma ọ bụ Cassava (Manihot esculenta) mara mma dị ka ihe ubi. A na-anọchi anya usoro mgbọrọgwụ site na mkpọrọgwụ ogologo ruo 1 m n'ogologo na 8-10 cm n'obosara N'ihi nsonji nke okpukpu abụọ nke mgbọrọgwụ, 3-8 tuberoid-fụrụ akpụ (tubers) na-etolite na ntọala nke azuokokoosisi, na-erute 0.5-1.0 m n'ogologo, ruo 20 cm na ịdị arọ site na 5 ruo 25 n'arọ. Ngwurugwu tuber bu ọgaranya na stachi (20-40% site na ibu). Ọ bụ mkpụrụ ahịhịa cassava na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe oriri, mana ọ bụ naanị mgbe nhazichara ya: ihicha, esi ma ọ bụ saa mmiri. Mkpụrụ dị nta bụ ihe na-egbu egbu n'ihi ọdịnaya acid prussic.
Gịnị bụ ihe cassava na-adọrọ mmasị?
A na-anọchite anya ahịa taa site na nnukwu ndepụta nke ngwa nri. A na-ere “osisi” ndị na-adọrọ mmasị na aha akụrụngwa nwere ike iri n'ahịa ma na ụlọ ahịa. Ọtụtụ ndị bi n’oge ọkọchị na-amalite ito abụghị tomato, ose, poteto, kama ha nwere mmasị n’ihe oriri ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe. Cassava bụkwa nke akwụkwọ nri ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe maka anyị. O nwere ike ibu bụghị naanị ihe ọkụkụ nke ụlọ, osisi ime ụlọ dị egwu, kamakwa ntọala nke azụmaahịa mgbe etinyere ala echedoro. Ozugbo ọ masịrị nri si na kassa, onye na-azụ ahịa ga-ahụ n'anya na-enwe nri erimeri ebe okpomọkụ. Tupu anyị ekpebie n’otu ụdị ma akpịrị ga-eto n’ụlọ gị, anyị ga-amata onwe anyị na ihe mejupụtara ya, ihe ndị na-arịa ọgwụ na iji ya na ebe a na-esi nri.
Nkpuru osisi nke Cassava. © Arthur ChapmanEzigbo ọdịnaya
Udiri akpu na-eme ka o sie ike dika nkpuru nduku, ma enwere otutu linamarine ma obu hydrocyanic acid glucoside. Nke a bụ ihe eji egbu egbu egbu ma yabụ enweghị ike ị consumedomi ya n'ụdị ya. Cassava na-eri nri bụ otu n'ime ihe bara uru nke nwere nnukwu mineral nke na-ahụ maka ahụike ahụike yana intrauterine zuru oke nke nwatakịrị - potassium, magnesium, iron, selenium, zinc na calcium. Cassava bara ụba na vitamin B, yana A, C, D, E, K na ihe ndị ọzọ bara uru. Ọdịbendị ahụ nwere ezigbo carbohydrates (ọ nwere ihe sitrọ 40%).
Ngwongwo na-agwọ ọrịa nke akpati
Mgbe ọgwụgwọ ọkụkụ, mkpụrụ osisi akịrị dị mma iri nri ma ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na - akọ ubi:
- dị ka ụzọ isi mee ka ọgụ ahụ nwee mgbochi na ume,
- dị ka ọgwụ mgbochi mkpali maka ọgwụgwọ nke gout, bursitis, ogbu na nkwonkwo,
- mee ka ọbara gbasawanye,
- dị ka ọgwụ antioxidant na-ebelata ahụ nke oke radicals,
- dika ọgwụ ndi mmadu, igbochi usoro ịka nká nke ahu mmadu.
Mkpụrụ osisi akụrụngwa - ezigbo mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na laxative.
Osisi nke Cassava. © Slav4Nri Cassava
Ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 500 na Latin America, Africa, Eshia, Indonesia na-eji cassa dị ka obere nri. A na-eji ihe ọkụkụ dị mkpa nke ebe mmiri dị ka ihe oriri na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke ụwa, ebe a na-ebunye ya dị ka ngwaahịa mechiri emechi.
Usoro ọgwụgwọ
A na-esi n’okpo elu tojuru etoju ruo n’isi ahụ, nke a gweriri ya ma sie ya ma ọ bụ tinye ya ọtụtụ mmiri na mmiri oyi. A na-etinye ngwaahịa ahụ ọkara mechiri emebi na-eji akwa kpuchie ya wee kpọnwụọ ruo awa 5-6 ruo mgbe ọ ga-kpamkpam. Site na nkwadebe a, cyanide fọrọ nke nta ka apịpụ kpam kpam ma n'oge nkwadebe nri na-esote ọ na-abụ ihe nchebe zuru oke maka iri nri.
Iji nri mma
Ihe mepụtara na-ebute ala akọrọ nke ngwaahịa mejupụtara bụ ala nke ntụ ọka ma ọ bụ ọka ọ (ụ sụ (dị ka sago), nke nwere nnukwu stachi.
- Ngwaahịa amịpụtara bụ akụrụngwa na-eme gburugburu ebe obibi maka ịme achịcha, achịcha, ọka dị iche iche na efere ndị ọzọ na ngwa nri.
- N'ime ndị na-arịa nfụkasị ahụ ọka, ntụ ọka csava nwere ike dochie ntụ ọka maka achịcha dị iche iche.
- Mgbe ọ gbasasịrị okpomoku, a na-eji cassava dị ka nri nri maka azụ na anụ, a na-akwadebe ofe na ahịhịa.
- Ha na-eme achicha, jellies, sweets na ụtọ nri ndị ọzọ: nri bọọlụ Thai a ma ama, "oke ojii", mmanya, teas, compotes, wdg.
Teknụzụ ịkụ ọrụ Cassava
Cassava bụ ọdịbendị eriri mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ ma chọọ ụfọdụ ọnọdụ maka mmepe ya - ikuku ikuku dịkarịa ala +25 - +30 ° С, enweghị oge ọkọchị na ọtụtụ ụbọchị anwụ. Ọnọdụ ndị a kwekọrọ na ihu igwe nke mpaghara ndịda nke Russian Federation ma ọ bụ enwere ike ịmepụta ya na oghere ndị nwere oghere: akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ụlọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ogige ubi na ọbụna n'ụlọ maka oriri ezinụlọ.
Ifuru Cassava. Ton RulkensIhe achoro acho acasi
Na-eto cassava, a chọrọ ikuku, iku ume ala, na-anọpụ iche mmeghachi omume ala (ọkacha mma aja loam) nwere ọdịnaya humus dị elu chọrọ. Enwere ike iji loam. Ona gha gha eme, osisi adighi anabata oke ogu. Ezi igbapu di nkpa, ebe obu na odidi ya anabataghi otiti mmiri, obu ezie n’acho mmiri.
Na-akwadebe akuku ihe
A na-akụ Cassava naanị ka ahịhịa na-akụ ya ma na-eji ihe ọkụkụ eme ihe n'ụdị nke mkpụrụ a na-egbute n'etiti akụkụ nke ahịhịa ndị tozuru etozu nke ruru ọnwa 6-12. A na-echekwa 15-20 cm nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ ruo ọnwa 2-3 n’ebe dị jụụ ma ọ bụ kụọ ya n’ala ozugbo. Ọnọdụ aka ahụ n'oge ịkụ ya adịghị arụ ọrụ (vetikal, ihu, kehoraizin). Isi ihe achọrọ: opekata mpe ọkara ga-anọrịrị n ’ala. Mgbe a kụrụ ya n ’mbara, ala kpubere ya kpuchie elu nke 8 cm. Ma ọ bụghị ya, ihe ọkụkụ ga-ata. Na mmiri zuru ezu, ihe ọka ahụ na-etolite etolite okirikiri mgbọrọgwụ na Ome.
Casdị Cassava gbanwere. MokkieAkuku akụrụ
O sighi ike itolite akuko, ma odi nkpa ịhọrọ nkpuru (ọkacha mma n’oge) na oge ịkọ. Site na mgbụsị akwụkwọ, humus nke 20-30 n'arọ / 10 sq. M ka etinyere ala. Tupu ịkọ, a na-egwu ala ahụ ruo omimi nke 15-20 cm na nitroammophoska na-ewebata ya na ọkwa 50-70 g / sq. Mbara mpe mpe amachaghị mma. A na-etolite tubers mgbọrọgwụ ogologo, nke na-eme ka o sie ike iwe ihe ubi.
N’ebe a na-emeghe ma na-echebe, a na-akacha akpu n’elu akwa 40 na obosara 40-60 n’ahịrị 1, nke na-emepụta ala dị mkpa ma na-eme ka ọ dịrị mfe ilekọta ihe ọkụkụ.
Mgbe ị na-akụ n’usoro n’ụzọ sara mbara, a na-etinye mkpụrụ osisi ahụ n’ahịrị abụọ n’ahiri ma ọ bụ n’ohi. Ihe omumu ihe omimi dabere na nkpuru di iche iche na mgbanwo na onu di n'etiti akuku ahiri 60-90 cm, na etiti ahịrị 80-120 cm.
Nlekọta Cassava
Ọ bụrụ na ala bụ nke ukwuu nke na-eme nri, mgbe ahụ, nri maka ihe ọkụkụ ahụ adịghị mkpa itinye ya n'ọrụ, karịsịa na owuwe ihe ubi nke tubers kwa afọ. N'oge ọkọride, ị nwere ike inye nri nri nri nitrogen-potassium maka weeding dị ka ọnwa 2 na ọnwa anọ ka ịghachara. Ọ bụrụ na ejiri nwayọ wepu ihe ọkụkụ mkpụrụ osisi ahụ n’ime afọ 2-3, ejiji dị elu na-amalite n’afọ nke abụọ nke ịkụ ọrụ.
N'ime oge a na-eto, a na-eme ugwu osisi 1-2 n'ubi akịrịka, na-agbasa ọkwa ala na-agbakọ gburugburu okirikiri ebe a na-enwe tubers. A na-atụ aro igbo ihe ọ bụla. Ala ahụ ruo mgbe emechiri ahịrị ahụ ka a ghara inwe ahịhịa. sistemụ igbo ahịhịa.
Ogologo oge udu mmiri na mmalite mkpụrụ osisi bụ 6-8, na na mbubata nke 12-16 ọnwa. Mgbe oge oyi malitere, uto nke akpati ozu na-emeghe ma na-amaliteghachi mgbe ikuku ga-adị mkpa ma nwee mmiri. Mkpụrụ mkpọrọgwụ anwụ anaghị anwụ.
Mkpụrụ osisi Cassava. IITAOwuwe ihe ubi
A na-ekpebi ịdị njikere maka iwe ihe ubi cassa site na ịmị mkpụrụ na ọdịda nke ahịhịa, yana site na ịmị mkpụrụ. Oge ogwugwu ahụ bụ izu 3-4. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-anakọta oke na-eto eto na-achaghị acha, ngwaahịa ya ga-abụ ihe siri ike ma gbarie ike.
Nke mbu, gbue ahihia nke osisi, na-ahapụ 30-40 cm nke hemp. N'ime ndị a, a na-egbute ngwa ngwa ma kụọ ya na ala a kwadebere n'ime ụbọchị 2-3. Ke ukem, ke ama belata ị ga-ahụ, a na-adọka ahihia tubers n'okpuruala. Ọ bụrụ na a ga-ahapụ bushes ndị ahụ maka afọ na-esote, mgbe ahụ, a na-egwupu ọka 2-3 ma bepụ, na-ahapụ nke ọzọ maka inwekwu uto.
Detuo akpati akpati akpukpo ahihia maka nchekwa
Mgbe igwuchara, a na-echekwa tubers nke naanị ụbọchị 2-3 ma bụrụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe. Yabụ, a na-asacha mkpụrụ apụsa ozugbo a na-ewe ihe ubi nke ahịhịa dị n’elu ala, bee n’ime obere iberibe ma kpọnwụọ n’anwụ maka ụbọchị 3-6. A na-echekwa ụdị ngwaahịa a na-emechasị ogologo oge. Iji nweta ihe oriri (ntụ ọka, ọka), a na-ata ọka ruo ụbọchị 3-4 n'ime mmiri, na-ehicha ya isi, gwepịa ma kpọnwụọ ya ka ọ nwee mmiri dị 8-10% site na ibu. Akọrọ kpọrọ nkụ dị n'ọzọ a chọrọ (ntụ ọka, ọka) wee mee ya maka ebumnuche ya.
