Hornbeam bụ osisi sitere na ezinụlọ birch nwere ndụ ogologo oge ruru afọ 300. N’oge a, o nwere ike itolita n’ogologo 30, ebe o nwere ogwe osisi n’adịghị nnukwu, n’ime cm 40. Ọ na-etolite n’ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ala dum nke Europe, kesara na Asia Minor, Caucasus na Transcaucasia, na Iranian Highlands. Na-agbadata nwayọ, na-ahọrọ oke ohia. Oge ụfọdụ ị nwere ike ịchọta ahịhịa dị ọcha, na Caucasus ọ na-agbago elu nke mita 2000 na elu.
The hornbeam bụ nke monoecious osisi. Blooms na Eprel-Mee, ifuru nwoke na nwanyị n’ụdị ọla ntị. Mkpụrụ osisi na Septemba-Ọktọba. Mkpụrụ ndị ahụ bụ obere agba aja aja, mkpụrụ na-egbu maramara, 3-6 mm na nha. N'ime otu kilogram nke mkpụrụ osisi anakọtara nwere ike ịdị site na obere 30 mkpụrụ 35.
O nwere osisi siri ike nke na-egbochi abrasion. N'ime usoro uto, a na-agbachapụ bọmbụ hornbeam ma bụrụ nke na-adịghị mma maka owuwu, mana agbanyeghị, a na-enwe ekele maka osisi ya kemgbe oge ochie. A na-eji ya na foundry, blacksmithing na ịchọ mma. Osisi nke osisi a na-enye ọkụ na-enweghị anwụrụ ọkụ, nke nyere ya ohere iji ya na ebe a na-eme achịcha na ebe a na-egwu ọkpọ. Osisi ya siri ike ma dịte aka abụrụla nke a wee rụpụta ya ruo taa maka ịkpụ aka maka ngwaọrụ dị iche iche, anyụike na ngwakọta dị iche iche. N'oge a, ọ na-arụpụta ọmarịcha ọla, bọọdụ ịkpụ, mbadamba ihe, parquet, igwe dị iche iche na ihe ndị ọzọ kwa ụbọchị.
N'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ na hornbeam siri ike ma na-adịgide adịgide, na-enweghị nchebe ọzọ na mpụga ọ na-atụfu njirimara ya ngwa ngwa. N'otu oge, ọ dị nro ma jiri kemịkal ndị ọzọ na-egbochi.
Epupụta na karịsịa osisi Ome nke osisi a nwere ike nye anụ ụlọ. A na-eji ụgbụ ahụ eme ihe maka ichebe tanning, a na-ewepụta mmanụ dị mkpa site na akwụkwọ, nke a na-eji na cosmetology ọgbara ọhụrụ. A na-enweta mmanụ site na mkpụrụ nke hornbeam, enwere ike iji ya sie nri.
A hapụghị osisi a n'enweghị nlebara anya na ọgwụ. Ngwurugwu na akwukwo nke hornbeam nwere otutu nke tannins, aldehydes, gallic na caffeic acid, bioflavonoids, coumarins, mmanu di nkpa na ascorbic acid. Ngwakọta nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ nwere abụba oriri. Site na mgbasa ọbara na-ezighi ezi na neoplasia ụbụrụ, a na-eji infusions nke ifuru nke osisi a. Ome osisi na - eto eto bu ihe di oke na nchikota ogwu iji eme umu nwanyi na nsogbu. N'otu ụzọ ahụ infusion nke epupụta na-eji afọ ọsịsa. Ihe ọ juiceụ ofụ nke osisi a nwere ọtụtụ shuga na ihe ndị dị n’ime osisi.
A na-ekenye ya ọrụ ebube n'ezie: dị ka ndị mgbaasị si kwuo, ọ na-enwe ike ịgbanwe echiche mmadụ, osisi ya na-agbakwa mbọ ime omume na omume ziri ezi. Ihulata na ogwe osisi ị nwere ike fanye batrị gị ma mụrụ anya ma nwee ume ogologo oge.
Hornbeam na-agbasa site na mkpụrụ, mana ọ nwere ike ịgbasa site na mkpuru osisi. A na-akụ mkpụrụ ngwa ngwa mgbe nchịkọta ha n'oge ọdịda, ma ọ ga-ekwe omume maka afọ na-esote. A na-echekwa mkpụrụ nke ọma na mpempe akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ akpa rọba na-adịgide afọ 2-3. N'okwu a, tupu ọdịda, ọ dị mkpa iji duzie nkwadebe ụfọdụ. Maka ebumnuche a, a na-edebe ha na okpomọkụ nke + 20 Celsius C maka ụbọchị 15-60, na mgbe ahụ, na okpomọkụ nke 1-10 Celsius C maka ụbọchị 90-120. Mgbe nke a gasị, mkpụrụ a ga-akụ ya ozugbo ma ọ bụ puo n'oge okpomọkụ nke + 20 Celsius. N'okwu a, a ga-enweta Ome ga-ekwe nkwa. Ndị na-egbu osisi na-agbanye mkpọrọgwụ ngwa ngwa. The hornbeam bụ nnọọ ihe mgbochi megide ọrịa na ụmụ ahụhụ.
The hornbeam abụghị whmedic na ọnọdụ nke ọkụ: o nwere ike itolite nke ọma ma na-emeghe ma na ndo. Ma, ọ bụ picky banyere ala ma na-ahọrọ nke ọma fertilized, na-ezuru mmiri, ala. Mmiri na-eguzogide ma na-eguzogide ikuku, na-emekọ ihe ọnụego ọnọdụ obodo. Ọ nwere ike ịnagide ụkọ mmiri, mana n'oge oke ọkọchị ọ chọrọ ịgbara mmiri mgbe niile.
Iche-iche nke hornbeam
N'ime ụwa, e nwere ụdị ahịhịa a karịrị iri atọ, nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha na -emekarị na Eshia. Europe nwere ike ịnya isi naanị ụdị abụọ, Russia naanị atọ. Speciesdị zuru ebe niile gụnyere:
Caucasian hornbeam. Ndị mmadụ zuru ebe niile na Asia Minor, Caucasus, Iran na Crimea. Osisi a dị ihe dịka mita ise n'ịdị elu, mana ị nwere ike ịchọta ụdịdị dị elu. Ọtụtụ mgbe ị nwere ike izute akwa niile nke Caucasian hornbeam - egbe. Ọtụtụ mgbe toro na mpaghara oak, beech na chestnut.
Hornbeam Seaside (obi). Ọ nwee akwụkwọ nke yiri ya na ntọala ahụ n'obi, ọ bụ ya mere o ji nweta aha a. Enwere ike ịchọta osisi a nke nwere ihe dị ka mita 10-20 na South-East nke Primorsky Territory, Korea, China na Japan. N'ebe a, ha karie mpaghara ala ukwu nke ugwu dị elu site na 200 ruo 300 ma debe oke nke abụọ nke oke ọhịa ndo. Osisi na-enweghị ike mara mma na osisi pụrụ iche.
Grab Carolinsky. Ebe obibi ya dị n’ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ North America. N'ebe a, enwere ike ịchọta ya n'akụkụ mmiri nke osimiri ahụ na ụsọ mmiri nke apịtị. Ogo ya nwere ike iru mita 5-6, dayameta ahụ bụ 150 mm. Ọtụtụ mgbe ị nwere ike ịchọta ụdị ohia dị ka Karolinsky hornbeam.
Hornbeam Virgin. Otu n'ime obere Karolinsky hornbeam ma tolite na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ North America. Nwekwara ike ịchọta ụdị osisi nke ụdị osisi a nwere oke okike dị ihe dịka 4 mita na okpueze nwere dayameta dị ihe dị ka cm 400. A na-eji osisi a n'ọtụtụ ebe. N'ihi eziokwu ahụ na ọ na-eto nwayọọ nwayọọ, ọ na-enwe ike ịnọgide na-enwe ọdịdị ịchọ mma ruo ogologo oge: site na gburugburu ruo square ma ọ bụ pyramidal-trapezoidal. Ọ na-anabata ntutu ntutu na ịmịnye ya nke ọma. Site na ịkọ ihe ọkụkụ a, ị nwere ike ịmepụta ogige mara mma ma ọ bụ ihe ọkpụkpụ dị mfe, yana imepụta eserese ala dum.
N'ime ụdị ụdị hornbeam, enwere ike ịchọpụta ọtụtụ ụdị ịchọ mma:
