Anwụ nke anwụ na-acha n'ụdị akwụkwọ ndụ ya yiri diski anwụ, n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị na-akpọ ya ifuru nke anyanwụ. N’isi ututu, ọ na-emeghe n’ebe anyanwụ na-awa wee na-agbaso ije ya tupu ọdịda anyanwụ.
Anwụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, ebe ọ gwụla ná njedebe nke ndụ ya, na-eme ihe n'otu ebe, mana okpu ifuru ya na-atụgharị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ. Maka ihe onwunwe a, akụrụngwa anyanwụ n'ọtụtụ mba bụ ihe nnọchianya nke nraranye. Taa, sunflower ji obi ike rụọ niche ya na ụlọ ezumike, ọ bụghị naanị dị ka nri, kamakwa dị ka omenala eji achọ mma. A na-eji ya dị ka ihe ndozi maka odida obodo, dị ka ogige, ala naanị, mgbe ị na-achọ akụkụ ezumike, maka ihe ndị mejupụtara floristry.
AnwụSunflower na osisi usoro bụ ezinụlọ Aster, aha a kapịrị ọnụ bụ ụnyaahụ kwa afọ (Helianthus annuus) Ala nna bụ mpaghara na-ekpo ọkụ nke North America, ebe ụdị etolite ọhịa na-adịkarị mkpa ndị dị n'ugwu, na oke ọhịa, na obere ala. N'ime ụdị osisi 108 nke sunflower, a na-akọ ihe karịrị 50 na America. Na Europe, ọdịbendị pụtara na narị afọ nke 17. Mgbe ọ nọ na Holland, Peter Onye Ukwu zigara mkpụrụ osisi sunflower na Russia. Nke nta nke nta, anara sunflower, na mbụ dị ka ihe ọkụkụ na-achọ mma, ma mesịa dị ka ihe ọkụkụ na nri nri, nwere ọtụtụ ebe na mpaghara Eurasia na-ekpo ọkụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ata ahịhịa dị iche iche na adọ ụdị ụfọdụ, ndị na - akụ nke nke kwere omume na mpaghara ndị nwere oyi.
Anụmanụ a na-eme kwa afọ - otu ahịhịa na-akụ nanị ihe ruru 3-5 m n’ogologo. Omenala nwere nnukwu usoro na-atọ ụtọ nke nwere ike iguzo ogologo oge ọkọchị. N'ime oge Cotyledon, mgbọrọgwụ sunflower na-eto ngwa ngwa ma dị ogologo 6-10 cm, ma site na mpempe akwụkwọ nke 3-4 ọ na-agbatị ruo 1. m. Mgbakwunye isi nke osisi toro eto na-etolite na omimi ruo mita 3-4, ọ na-eguzogide ala ụkọ ala nke ọma. Iwu nke abụọ 2-3 na-apụ na mgbọrọgwụ etiti. Ha dị n ’ala dị na etiti nke 10-45 cm ma gbasaa site na etiti etiti ruo n’ebe dị anya nke mpụ 2. Mgbasa nke sunflower gbara ya gburugburu site na nnukwu netwọkụ nke obere mgbọrọgwụ na-amị mmiri na nri. Mgbatị mgbọrọgwụ na-akwụsị n'oge usoro inflorescence.
Na akwụkwọ ya na azuokokoosisi nke sunflower ahụ siri ike na-emetụ aka, na-ekpuchi siri ike kpuchie na ntutu isi dị ka ntutu siri ike. Akwụkwọ ndị ahụ dị mfe, buru ibu, petiolate, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ gbara ọchịchịrị na agba, kpuchie azuokokoosisi na onu ire, nke ejedebe na inflorescence (nkata), nke nwere ụdị okooko osisi 2: ahịhịa amị na tubular.
Ifuru odo nke odo odo nke ndo di iche iche. A na - achọta ihe dị iche iche nwere okooko osisi na-acha odo odo. Mgbe amachara nke agba, ifuru bisexual bisexual na-etolite mkpụrụ. Sunflower bụ mkpụrụ osisi a kụrụ. Bfọdụ bred n'ụdị nwere ike nwere ọtụtụ inflorescences na ogologo peduncles na-eto site na sinuses akwukwo.
Mkpụrụ osisi sunflower - achenes. Elongate, wedge mebere, nke kpuchiri akpụkpọ anụ ya nke nwere cotyledons abụọ toro nke ọma. Ọ bụ na cotyledons na-edobe ihe na-agbakọ n'ụdị mmanụ na protein.
Dika ogo na nkpuru nkpuru osisi a, anakpo sunflower abuo:
- Akpukpo ahihia akpukpo manu, a na-ahuta ya site n’ahu ndi di ocha, ihe di elu na mmanu n’ime cotyledons (40-50% ma obu karia) na obere oria;
- sunflower nri nwere denser na thicker peel nke ọnya; A na - amata nkpuru nkpuru site na nha na obere mmanụ n’ime achenes (ruo 25-30%).
A na-ahazi achenes gburugburu. Ogo ha dịgasị iche site na nsọtụ ruo etiti nkata. Oge izu ike nke achenes bụ ọnwa 1,5-2,0.
Sunflower na-eme kwa afọ, ma ọ bụ Sunflower a na-akụ mmanụ (Helianthus annuus). Aha a ma ama - sunflowerAnddị iche iche na ngwakọta nke sunflower maka itolite na mba
A na-ekewa iche iche na ngwakọ nke sunflower site na ntozu okè na mbido, etiti na mbubreyo. N'ime ime obodo, ọ ka abawanye uru itozu ogo na ọkara. Oge nhicha na nke a ga - enyere gị aka ị kwadebe saịtị ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ na-esote.
Sunflower iche
Site na mmalite ụdị sunflower nwere ike ịkwado maka ịzụlite ụdị SUR na Oge opupu ihe ubi. Ha di iche na oge mkpirisi dị mkpirikpi - ụbọchị nke ụbọchị asaa nke asaa ruo ụbọchị asaa, ihe ndị dị na mmanụ dị elu. Gha mkpụrụ na mpaghara ndịda nwere ogologo oge ọkụ nwere ike rụrụ na usoro 2: oge opupu ihe ubi May ma meghachi ya ruo mgbe July 20 iji nweta ihe ubi zuru oke. “Rodnik” bụ ụkọ anagide ma na-anabata oge ọkọchị na-ekpo ọkụ.
Early ripening sunflower iche: Yenisei, Shipgbọ mmiri, Buzuluk kọọ ihe ọkụkụ n’ime mkpụrụ ụbọchị 80-90. Mpekere nke obere mmanụ nke Yenisei na-akwụ ụgwọ kachasị elu, n'etiti ụdị ntopụta na mbụ, ịmị mkpụrụ dị ọcha.
Mkpụrụ ụdị sunflower n'oge: VNIIMK-8883 ka mma, Cossack, Berezansky, Donskoy-60 ya na oge toro n’ime ubochi 80-86. Ekpuwo VNIIMK-8883 kemgbe 1972 ma nwee ọganiihu n'ụzọ gara nke ọma na mpaghara Volga. Eguzogide ọnọdụ ihu igwe adịghị njọ.
Middle Central sunflower iche: Ọkọlọtọ, SEC, Ọkacha mmasị, Nna ya ukwu, Gọọm. Nkeji ụdị dịgasị iche na-amata oke site na nnukwu mkpụrụ, yana uto nke kernel. Ngwakọta na SEC bụ ụdị iche iche. A na-eji ha dị ka mkpụrụ maka achịcha na ngwa ndị ọzọ eji eme achịcha.
Site n'etiti oge sunflower iche kwụpụta Donskoy nnukwu mkpụrụakpụ isi na - ewute nnukwu isi.
Sunflower a na-eme kwa afọ, ma ọ bụ Sunflower a na-amị ya (Helianthus annuus)Ahịhịa anwụrụ
A kwenyere na ụdị dị iche iche kwụsiri ike n'ikesa atụmatụ dịịrị nne. Nke a bụ isi mmeghe nke ndị na-elekọta ubi na mmekọrita ha na sunflower. N'ihi obe-pollination, ụdị sunflower na-etolite mkpụrụ nke mkpụrụ nke ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ nke usoro ịla n'iyi na-agabiga. Ya mere, n'ihi na ịgbasa nke sunflower iche mgbe niile nweta naanị mkpụrụ ihe nke mbụ mmeputakwa. Niile ndị na-esote a ga-edo anya na heterogeneous dị iche iche: elu dị iche iche, nha nkata ifuru, agbatịkwu oge achenes, wdg.
N'adịghị ka iche, a na-ahụ ụdị ngwakọ nke sunflower dị elu agbụrụ, nke na-enye aka na nke imekotaotu aka nke usoro mmepe (seedling, uka, guzobe, ripening nke akuku, wdg). Ngwakọta ngwakọ na-egbochi ndị ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-akpata nchekasị, ọrịa na ụmụ ahụhụ, ma na-emepụta ihe ndị dị elu.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndị na-azụ nwa na-eduzi ọrụ ezubere iche ka ha nwee ike iji ụdị sọpụkụ ahịhịa. Maka mmepe na-aga nke ọma na dachas nke ndịda mpaghara na mpaghara etiti Russia na CIS, anyị nwere ike ịkwado:
Adọ ụdị ụfọdụ: Jupita, Donskoy-22, Mmeri.
Adọ ụdị ụfọdụ: PR64A86 / PR64A86, PR64A89 / PR64A89, Kuban-930, Ije ije, Hidalgo, Tremia, Agwọ, ya na oge itolite site na 86 ruo 97 ụbọchị. Eguzogide ọrịa fungal na nje na ahịhịa nje brosrape. Ihe e ji mara ha bụ etu oyi na nkwụsi ike siri dị, nke na-eme ka o nwee ike itolite ụdịrị ndị a ihe niile. A na-emegharị ngwakọ Tremia na mpaghara ugwu. N’emeputa nkpuru di elu n’ime ubochi 90.
Ọkara Etiti: Ihe mgbaàmà, Nkwanye ugwu, Arol, Gaanụ ya na ubochi nke 100-108 ubochi. Egosiputara ihe n n’ihu site na mmepe ngwa ngwa na mbido mbụ, nke na-ebelata oke ịdabere na oke mmiri mmiri na enweghị mmiri.
Etiti oge: Donskoy 1448, Onye kwere nkwa.
Mgbe ị na-azụ mkpụrụ osisi na osisi mkpụrụ osisi maka ịgbasa, ọ dị mkpa ịhọrọ zoned, nke ga-ebelata oke nke ihe ọkụkụ na ahụhụ na ọrịa.
Ihe ndi choro gburugburu
Sunflower bụ osisi nke ógbè nwere ogologo oge na-ekpo ọkụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru ezu nke ụbọchị anwụ, ọ na-achọ maka ikpo ọkụ, ọkụ, ọmụmụ ala na mmiri. Oge ifuru nke sunflower dịruru site na ụbọchị 80 ruo 140, na-adabere n'ụdị dịgasị iche. Yabụ, sunflower na-eto ma na -emepụta ihe ọkụkụ n'ime ọhịa naanị na mpaghara ụfọdụ ebe ọnọdụ ihu igwe na agronomic dabara na ihe ọ chọrọ.
Ọ bụrụ n’ozuzu, ihu igwe dị na mpaghara ahụ kwesịrị ekwesị maka ifuru ahịhịa, ma a na-eme ka udu mmiri oge ọ bụla ruo -4… -6 Celsius C, mgbe ahụ ndị ọkachamara n’ịkọ ugbo anaghị atụ aro ịkọ ụdị ihe ọkụkụ a, karịchaa ụdị mbubreyo na ngwụsị. Ruo ogologo oge etolite (ụbọchị 100-140), ihe ọkụkụ ahụ agaghị ezu oke ma ọ gaghị acha.
Mkpụrụ osisi sunflowerSunflower chọrọ chọrọ
Mpaghara kachasị mma maka sunflower bụ ebe na-enweghị shading na ikuku mgbe niile. Mgbe a kpụrụ ya, osisi ndị ahụ na-esetị, na-ehulata anyanwụ, na-etolite obere nkata nke inflorescences na achenes.
Maka uto nkịtị na etolite sunflower, okpomoku a choro bu + 20 ... + 27 Celsius. Ome nwere oyi na-eguzogide ma nwee ike iguzogide ikuku ikuku nke -5 ... -6 Celsius C, mana maka mkpụrụ osisi, ha choro ala okpomoku rue + 8 ... + 12 Celsius.
Chọrọ Ìhè Sunflower
N'akụkụ ogologo nke ìhè anyanwụ, sunflower bụ otu nke ahịhịa na-anọpụ iche, mana ọ nwere mmeghachi omume dị mma n'ogologo ụbọchị n'oge okooko. Ọ bụrụ na ọkụ ọkụ dị elu n’oge a, akụrụngwa anyanwụ na-agafe na usoro mmepe, n’oge ihu igwe mmiri na-ezo, mmiri nke ịbanye n’usoro ọzọ na-egbu oge. Owuwe-ihe-ubi abiawo ma chawa n’azu. Ya mere, ọ bụ ihe amamihe dị na ya ịgha mkpụrụ sunflower n'akụkụ ndị nwere ọkụ, na-ezere ọbụna ndochi na-adịru nwa oge, ma na-echebe ya site na ifufe.
Sunflower mmiri chọrọ
Maka imepụta oke ahihia nke na-enye akụrụngwa ihe ọkụkụ ahụ na-eme ka ihe ndị dị n’ime ya nweta ahịhịa, sunflower na-achọ ọtụtụ mmiri, karịchaa n’oge mbido mmepe, mgbe mgbọrọgwụ dị n’elu ala dị n’elu, na-enwekarị nsogbu na udu mmiri. Ka osiladi, anwu anwu anabataghi ya. N'oge ịbụ okenye, ọ dịghị atụ egwu ikpo ọkụ, ebe ọ bụ na sistemụ mgbọrọgwụ siri ike na-enwe ike iwepụta mmiri si na ala ala dị ala (3-4 m). Sunflower kwesịrị ị na-agba mmiri mgbe niile ruo mgbe oge okooko ga-amalite, mgbe ahụ belata ọnụ ọgụgụ ha. Atọ a na-achọ na ọnọdụ nke ihu igwe (ogologo oge ọkụ, ihicha ikuku, wdg).
Sunflower ala chọrọ
Ọnọdụ ala na ngwa nke oge nri anaghị arụ ọrụ dị egwu maka sunflower. Agbanyeghị, ọdịbendị ahụ na-ahọrọ chernozems, aja aja aja, oke mmiri na loess soils. (Loess ala bụ nnukwu ala nke nwere carbon dọkụment na-egosipụta ụtụ mgbe ejiri mmiri gbanye ya). Sunflower na-eto nke ọma na humus na ahịhịa nwere nkụ. Acid kachasị nke ala bụ pH = 6.5-7.0-7.2. Ọ naghị anabata ala dị arọ, acidified na saline.
Osisi sunflower na-eto eto. F ubi mkpụrụ osisiNgwunye ụzụ nke sunflower
Mgbe ị na-etinye mkpụrụ osisi sunflower na ntụgharị mkpụrụ nke ubi, ọ dị mkpa iji nye maka nloghachi ya n’ebe ọ na-aga tupu afọ 6-8-10. Ogologo ezumike (ruo afọ 10) dị mkpa ma ọ bụrụ na enwere broomrape n'ogige. Ọ ka mma idobe sunflower karịa ndị bu ụzọ jiri usoro mkpọrọgwụ na-emighị emi ka ọ ghara igba mmiri dị omimi nke ala, mmiri nke dị mkpa maka sunflower.
Achọghị ihe dị iche iche nke sunflower site na echiche a bụ alfalfa, beets sugar, perennial herbs. Mgbe ị na-ahọpụta ụzọ, attentionaa ntị na ahịhịa ndị nwere nje na ọrịa nkịtị (soy, peas, canola, tomato, eyịm, agwa).
Ndị agbata obi kachasị mma na ndị bu ụzọ sunflower bụ poteto, ọka dị ụtọ na ndị ọzọ, nke na-enye ohere maka ịkwadebe ụbịa mmiri maka ifuru sunflower. Onye agbata obi mara mma bụ ahịhịa dị ogologo mgbe ị na-eto ha na mpụga usoro ọdịbendị (n'akụkụ oke, na ala ịkpa ahịhịa).
Ala nkwadebe maka sunflower
A kwadebere ala sunflower na-adabere n'ụdị ala, ọnọdụ nke ibé ahụ na ọmụmụ ya. N’ụdị ala nile n’oge nkwadebe mgbụsị akwụkwọ, a ga-ewepụ ahịhịa na ahịhịa nke ndị bu ụzọ.
- Mpaghara a kpochapụrụ na mpaghara nwere ogologo oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ọkụ na-abụkarị site na cm cm 15. Ala dị egwu na-egwu ala. Tupu igwu ala, ọ dị mkpa ịgbakwunye ihe ndị na-atọpụ: humus, compost, peat horse.
- Enweghi ike igwu ahihia (deciduous, aja). Zụlite ma ọ bụ gbue ya miri na 8-10 cm, kọọ ahịhịa ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ma, mgbe ị na-enweta akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke 6-6 cm n’ịdị elu, kụọ ha n’ala. A pụrụ ịhapụ akụkụ siderata ruo mgbe oge opupu ihe ubi. N'oge opupu ihe ubi, gbue ma kụọ ájá n'ime ala ma ọ bụ gwuo ya ozugbo na ọ dịghị ihe dị omimi karịa 10-15 cm.
- Ọ bụrụ na akwa ubi nke ịkọ ahịhịa n’afọ ndị gara aga enwetaghị ọgwụ fatịlaịza, mgbe ahụ, a na-ewebata humus ma ọ bụ compost tozuru okè (0.5-1.0 ịwụ / m²) na ọdịda.
- Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, a na-agbanye mmiri ọgwụ ikuku nitrogen ma ọ bụ naanị phosphoric, dika 30 na 40 g / m, na-egwu ala ma ọ bụ na-enweghị ihe ndị sitere n'okike.
- Na chernozems, ịnweghị ike iji ihe eji eme ihe, kama mee fatịlaịza ịnweta (nitrophosphate, azophosphate, phosphorus-potassium), ihe dị ka 50-70 g / m². Mgbe ị na-etinye fatịlaịza potash, ọ dị mkpa iji potassium sulfate, ebe ọ bụ na sunflower na-emetụta chlorides na-adịghị mma.
Ihe ndina nke nwere ifuru ahịhịa. BikinggardenerNkwadebe nke sunflower osisi maka agha
Maka ịgha mkpụrụ, mkpụrụ nke mbụ mụta nwa na iche na ọgbọ mbụ na adọ ụdị ụfọdụ na-eji ya. Nyere na sunflower bụ ahịhịa na-ama ifuru, ụdị nnabata na-enweghị ihe gbasara ya na nne nwere ike itolite n'ihe ụlọ anakọtara. Ya mere, ọ ka mma iji mkpụrụ akụ kụrụ zụrụ maka ịgha mkpụrụ.
- Maka ịgha mkpụrụ, a na-ahọrọ otu akụkụ nke mkpụrụ osisi sunflower, nke na-atụnye ụta dị elu nke oge osisi nke osisi (agbatịbeghị ogologo oge).
- Ọ bụrụ na zụtara mkpụrụ ahụ na ụlọ ahịa ahụ, mgbe ahụ ọ dịghị mkpa nkwadebe maka ịgha mkpụrụ, ebe ọ bụ na ụlọ ọrụ kwekọrọ emeelalarị usoro niile.
- Ọ bụrụ na-egbute ifuru sunflower n'onwe ha, mgbe ahụ ọ dị mkpa iji bepụ ọrịa fungal na nje. N'ime ndị na-eche nche, ị nwere ike iji nkwadebe Vincit, Scarlet, Winner, TMTD. Iji chekwaa ihe ọkụkụ a na-eme ifuru na wireworm, a na-agbakwunye Gaucho na ngwọta.
- N'ụlọ, ọ ka mma ịkagbu mkpụrụ sunflower na ihe ngwọta nke potassium permanganate ma ọ bụ bactofite, ma, mgbe ihichachara, mesoo ya na uto ọ bụla na - akpali akpali - immunocytophyte, mgbọrọgwụ, wdg.
Mkpụrụ osisi sunflower agha
Oge nke ịgha mkpụrụ sunflower na-adabere n'ọnọdụ ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke mpaghara ahụ, yabụ, nkpuchi nke ịgha mkpụrụ na-akachasị nke ọma ga-ekpebi ogo ala dị na ala ịgha mkpụrụ. Okpomoku nke ala di na cm cm asaa n’ime izu kwesiri ịdịkarị 8 Celsius. Ihe kachasị bụ + 10 ... + 12 Celsius.
Mkpụrụ osisi sunflower na-eto n'oge okpomọkụ nke + 16 ... + 25 Celsius. Ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ gafere ókè ndị a, ị gaghị enweta Ome. Ọnọdụ nke abụọ dị mkpa maka inweta germination nke ifuru sunflower zuru oke ala mmiri. Ka osiladi, nkpuru osisi gha ha ihe ha na eme, ha gha nkpuru.
Na-adọrọ mmasị! N'ime ala, mkpụrụ osisi sunflower na-ejigide germination ruo afọ iri na abụọ.
Ọ ka mma iji usoro akwụkwụ maka ifuru sunflower n'ụlọ, na-ele anya n'etiti nests nke 35-45 cm, na n'agbata ahịrị 0.7-1.0 m, dabere na ụdị ma ọ bụ ngwakọ. Osisi kpọrọ nkụ gbue nke inflorescences na mkpụrụ. Omimi nke ịkọ mkpụrụ osisi sunflower bụ 3-4-5 cm. A na-etinye mkpụrụ 2-3 n'ime akwu ọ bụla.Mgbe ị na-ebugharị ụzọ abụọ nke akwụkwọ, mkpụrụ ọka na-ata ahụhụ, na-ahapụ mkpụrụ kacha ike. Na-adịghị ike seedlings ebipụ. Adọpụla aka ka ị ghara imebi sistemụ osisi nke agbataobi dị nso.
Mkpụrụ osisi sunflower na-apụta na ụbọchị 8-15. Site na ịgha mkpụrụ miri emi, mkpụrụ osisi pụrụ ịpụta na ụbọchị 20-25. Mgbe ị na-agha mkpụrụ, ị nwere ike itinye 10-15 g nke ammonium nitrate ozugbo na oghere, nke ga-eme ka ọpụpụ nke mkpụrụ osisi sunflower dị ngwa.
Nlekọta ube anyanwụ
Ogologo oge tupu mmalite nke sunflower na uto na-eto na akụkụ nke mmepe, ụzọ dị obosara nke usoro ịgha mkpụrụ na-enye aka na mmepe nke ahịhịa na-egbochi ihe ọkụkụ, karịsịa ozugbo mkpụrụ. Yabụ, ịtọghe ala dị mkpa iji mebie ahịhịa. Ha na-ebu:
- na oge nke sunflower seedlings;
- mgbe izu abụọ gachara, ị ga - eme n ’ọfụma - iji guzobe abụọ abụọ nke akwụkwọ;
- mgbe akwukwo ato nke ato putara, ighepu ahiri nke ahiri ghari 10 cm; N'ime oge a, ịkwesịrị igbochi osisi iji mee ka usoro mgbọrọgwụ sie ike;
- a na -eme ọka na-esote na usoro nke akwụkwọ 5-6; ka ọ na-erule oge a, ihe ọkụkụ ruru ogo 30-40 cm; A na-akwụsị ịtọpụ nkụ mgbe uto nke sunflower ruru 70-80 cm ma ọ bụ mgbe emechiri ahịrị.
- N'ime oge ntụpọ, ọ dị mkpa ịmaliteghachi ugwu ma ọ bụ guzobe nkwado n'okpuru bushes toro ogologo nke sunflower.
Uwe elu nke sunflower
Uwe elu nke Sunflower na-amalite site na usoro mmepe nke ụzọ ato nke atọ. N'ime akwa dị elu, a na-ewepụta 20-30 g nke superphosphate na 5-10 g / m² nke ammonium nitrate n'etiti ahịrị.
A na-eme nke abụọ na mmalite nke mmalite nke nkata. Nyere na sunflower na-eji nri buru ibu iji mepụta ihe ọkụkụ, ọ dị mkpa ka ịgbakwunye iko abụọ nke osisi ash na 30-40 g nke azofoska ma ọ bụ mullein infusion diluted na mmiri 1:10 n'oge a kwa m². On a bọket na-arụ ọrụ ihe ngwọta nke mullein tinye 20-30 g nke potassium sulfate. Ọ bụ n'oge a na -emepụta nkata ifuru ka sunflower chọrọ ịba ụba nke potassium.
A na-eme akwa nke atọ na potassium sulfate n'oge a na-egbu nri nke mkpụrụ osisi sunflower.
Gardenersfọdụ ndị ọrụ ugbo nwere ahụmahụ na-akụ mgbe ị na-akụ mkpụrụ ifuru iji nye ahịhịa nri ka ọ bụrụ maka oge ahụ dum na-eto. A na-eji usoro a kacha mma iji sọlfọ na -eju nri. Kwadebe ngwakọta na-edozi ahụ site na ịgwakọta compost, ash ash na azofoska na ọnụego 0, bọket 5 nke kọfị nke ash na iko 2 nke azofoska kwa m². Ekwesịrị itinye ngwakọta ahụ ozugbo maka ịgha mkpụrụ ma ọ bụ kesaa n'elu oghere.
Na ala, ọ ga-aka mma ka ị jiri atụmatụ nri dị n’elu ma ọ bụ atụmatụ nri ndị ọzọ, agbatị karịa oge.
Sungbara sunflower
Sunflower bụ ihe ọkụkụ na-agha mmiri na-eguzogide mmiri; ọ naghị achọ mmiri mgbe niile. Ha na-amalite ịgba mmiri mgbe akwa nke dị elu dọrọ site na 2-4 cm. N'otu oge ahụ, oge toro nke ụzọ abụọ abụọ ruo anọ dị n'agbata akwụkwọ, etolite nkata nke ifuru ahịhịa, ito eto, ifuru buru ibu na mkpuru mkpụrụ, a na-achọ ịgba mmiri nke ukwuu n ’ụzọ dị mma. Mmiri mmiri ga-eme ka ala kọọ miri. Wateringgba mmiri ugboro ugboro na obere iwu agaghị eweta mmetụta achọrọ. N’enweghị ụkọ mmiri, tinyere akwụkwọ ịka nká ngwa ngwa, ihe ndị dị n’ime mkpụrụ osisi sunflower na-ebelata nke ukwuu.
Mbelata sunflower megide ọrịa na ụmụ ahụhụ
Sunflower bụ ọdịbendị na-egbu egbu na-egbu egbu. Hentọ ụtọ nke achenes na-eto eto, ị ga-akụ ma nwee isi na-atọ ụtọ na-adọta ụdị 35 nke ụdị ahụhụ. Ihe dị ka ụdị fungal 20 na nje ndị na-efe efe na-awakpo ahịhịa site na oge mkpụrụ ma soro ha ruo mgbe owuwe ihe ubi. Na obere mpaghara, ọ bụ ihe ezi uche ịgwọ ọdịnala na kemịkalụ, ọkachasị n'ọkwa mmepe nke mechara. N'okwu a, ọ ka mma iji biologics na-enweghị mmerụ mmadụ: biofungicides na bioinsecticides.
Sunflower ire ere na-agbasa dum inflorescenceỌrịa sunflower
Isi oria sunflower bu ure, nje na nje oria, tinyere ocha, isi awọ, koko, nkpu na udiri ndi ozo, mildew nke oma, ekpomoku, akpukpo aru, verticillosis akpukpo aru, uzo ozo ma obu ochichiri agba aja, akwukwo ahihia. Ọrịa na-emerụ akụkụ niile nke osisi ahụ, nke na-akpata ọnwụ ya ka oge na-aga.
Ihe kachasị mkpa iji chekwaa akpụrụ mmiri site na ọrịa mgbe etolitere na obodo bụ idebe ọdịbendị. Mgbe toro iche, kewapụrụ onwe ya n’etiti ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ nwere ọrịa ndị yiri ya na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa.
Na mmalite nke ngosipụta nke ọrịa, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịgwọ sunflower na nhazi kemịkal, mana ha dị ize ndụ maka ụmụ mmadụ na anụ ụlọ. Ọ ka mma iji ngwaahịa ndị sitere na ọgwụ ndị dị n'ụlọ na-adịghị emerụ mmadụ ahụ. Withhazi ọgwụ ndị a kwere omume ruo mgbe owuwe ihe ubi.
A na - agwakọta biofungicides na ngwakọta tank na bioinsecticides. N'ime ngwaahịa ndu sitere na ọrịa, enwere ike ịkwado Phytosporin, nke mgbanwe dị iche iche (mgbụsị akwụkwọ ọla edo, ihe nkiri nano-gel, ụwa, mgbochi-atụgharị, mgbakwunye, ụwa, reanimator na ndị ọzọ). A na-eduzi mgbanwe niile megide ọrịa fungal-nje. Arefọdụ nwere ike ịchekwa osisi nwere ụdị mmebi ọrịa (phytosporin resuscitator) eleghara anya. Ngwaahịa ejiri ọgwụ phytosporin-antigun mee ihe nwere ike iji nri. Maka ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ dị ndụ, oge nchere adịghị agafe ụbọchị 3-7. A na-echekwa ngwaahịa ndị ejiri aka rụọ ogologo oge ogologo abụọ. Mgbanwe niile nke phytosporin na-abawanye ihe mgbochi nke osisi ịlaghachi, na-akpali uto na mmepe, na-enwe ike ibibi ọ bụghị otu ụdị, kama ọtụtụ ọrịa fungal na nje. Na mgbakwunye na phytosporin, enwere ike iji biofungicides nke haupsin, trichodermin, glyocladin, wdg.
Ahụ ọkụ sunflower
Kachasị ahụhụ ndị anakpo sunflower bụ ahịhịa nla, nla (nla), sunflower tenon, aphids, nutcrackers, scoops, crickets, weevils, ududo, àjà, bedbugs. Mkpọrọgwụ ahụ mebiri wireworm (nutvacker ebe larva), bea, na nwa ahuhu.
Jiri ihe ngwakọta nke bara uru nke ngwaahịa sitere na ọrịa na ahụhụ. Nke mbụ ịchọrọ ịlele maka ndakọrịta ọgwụ. Mgbe ejiri ya na nkwado, bicol, boverin, nemabact, antonem-F, actofit, avertin, aversctin-C, bitoxibacillin na ndị ọzọ na-enye ezigbo nsonaazụ.
Isi usoro nchebe, mgbe ị na-eto ihe ọkụkụ ọ bụla, ọ bụghị naanị sunflower, nnabata na agrochemical chọrọ maka na-eto, nke budata belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụmụ ahụhụ na ọkwa nke ọrịa na-efe efe nke ogige ahụ. Okwu a na - ekwu eziokwu mgbe niile: ọ na - aga n’ihu igbochi ọkụ karịa n’ọkụ.
Mkpụrụ osisi sunflower na inflorescence. Kemo1980Owuwe ihe ubi
Iji chekwaa ahịhịa site na nnụnụ, a na-adọta akpa gauze ogologo okpu nke sunflower. Ogologo osisi na-akwụghị ụgwọ agaghị ekwe ka nnụnụ ruo achenes. E nwere ụzọ ndị ọzọ iji chebe.
N'ụbọchị 35 ruo ụbọchị iri nke okooko osisi nke sunflower, a na-emecha usoro ịchịkọ mmanụ. Enwere oke ikuku nke achenes, ha rute ripeness. Oge owuwe ihe ubi nke sunflower na-abịa mgbe inflorescence na-agbaze n'otu ọnọdụ, na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ. N'oge a, ifuru ahụ na-apụ apụ, na-agbanwe agba site na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na agba aja aja. N’ịnụ nkụda mmụọ, ha na-etekwa n’elu otu ọchịchịrị nchara nchara.
A na-ahapụ nkata nke mkpụrụ osisi sunflower ka ọ kpọọ nkụ ma ọ bụrụ na ihu igwe kpọrọ nkụ ma anwụ. Na nke ndu - jiri nlezianya gbue ma kpuchie ya na ndo maka ihicha ọzọ. Mgbe egburu ya na nhicha, iji belata ọghọm, mkpụrụ na-ama jijiji na bọket dochie anya. Akọrọ n'okpuru kanopi. A ga-enyocha ha maka irighiri ihe, wee kpuchie ya na akpa akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ akpa e ji akwa ekike wee chekwaa n’ebe kpọrọ nkụ. Fọdụ ndị na-elekọta ahịhịa na-asụ mmiri site na ájá na unyi tupu ihicha.
