Nyocha nke arụmọrụ ndu (ngwaahịa na - akpali akpali na biocontrol) nke ngwaahịa ọgwụ Trichoplant
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eji nkwadebe ihe ọmụmụ sitere na micromycetes nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n'ọgụ megide microorganisms phytopathogenic. Trichoderma Golovanova, 2008 .. Na-ekwu okwu dị ka ndị bi n'okike nke ọtụtụ mkpụrụ osisi na eke mmadụ, na-amụba ngwa ngwa na ọnọdụ nke ọdịbendị na ọdịdị, bụrụ ndị na-abụghị pathogenic maka osisi, anụmanụ na ụmụ mmadụ, olu nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Trichoderma mejuputara ihe diri mma maka ihe omumu a na mmepe site na udiri oru ha nke phytopathogenic microorganisms Alexandrova, 2003; Colombet, 2007; Rudakov, 1981; Seiketov, 1982; Atef, 2011. N'akụkụ a, ọrụ dị mkpa bụ nchọta maka ụdị ọgbụgba ọgụ ọhụrụ Trichoderma na ihe e kere eke na ndabere ha nke ngwaahịa ndu ọhụụ, yana mgbasawanye nke ụdị ndị dị adị.
Ebe ọ bụ na na akwụkwọ sayensị sayensị data na-ekwe omume nke micromycetes Trichoderma longibrachiatum Dịka onye na-ahụ maka bio biorol, na-ekwe nkwa maka imepụta ngwaahịa ndu, achọpụtaghị na ebumnuche nke ọmụmụ a bụ inyocha njikwa bio biorol na mkpali nke ngwaahịa ọgwụ Trichoplant Trichoderma longibrachiatum Gf 2/6
Emere ihe omumu nke ihe puru ime uto nke ihe ndu ndu n’anu ulo nke NPO Biotehsoyuz n’aho 2014 n’okpuru onodu ihe omumu ahihia ahihia nke ihe omumu ihe omumu ihe emere n’ime Agrochemistry, n’aho 2001. Ejiri nkpuru osisi na nkpuru osisi dika ihe omumu (Cucumis sativus L.) ụdị Phoenix 640, ọka wit na-eme n'oge oyi (Triticum aestivum L., iche. erythrospermum) iche Zagrava, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Agate iche.
Ihe omumu banyere ihe omuma banyere ihe uto nke nkpuru ndu. E mepụtara nsonaazụ nke ọgwụ TRIHOPLANT na mkpụrụ mkpụrụ na ịkọ ihe ọkụkụ n'oge mkpụrụ germination megide nzụlite ọgwụ yana njiri titer nke opekata mpe 1 × 105 CFU / cm3(Ngwọta 1.0% nke ngwaahịa okokụre) ma bido mmiri mmiri (njikwa). Maka ihe niile a na-amụ, a na-enyocha ihe ndị na-egosi: ike germination na mkpụrụ germination dabere na ntinye nke isiokwu dị mkpa nke GOST 12038-84, omume enyi, ọnụego germination nke Pospelov, 2013; Ugubnov, 2014 na ike nke mkpụrụ mgbe mkpụrụ na-agbasa na ájá Karpin, 2012. Na akụ na osisi, na ọnọdụ nke nyocha ahịhịa ahịhịa, ịdị elu nke elu ala na ogologo nke akụkụ ala na-agbanwe agbanwe na 7th, 14th and 21 days of cultivation, akọrọ na ahihia ndu. Maka itolite na mmiri aquatic n'okpuru onodu ihe omumu, a na-ebufe mkpuru osisi na Mpekere nke ihe kariri 550-560 ml nwere 500 cm3 Ngwọta ịnweta Pryanishnikov Practicum ..., 2001. A na-etolite na osisi nwere awa iri na isii, na phytoluminostat nwere ụzọ kwụ ọtọ nwere akụkụ abụọ na ọkụ LD-30W na ọkụ ịgbado ọkụ nke 130 W / m2.
Ihe omumu banyere ihe omimi nke ihe banyere ndu. Agụrụ mkpụrụ dị mma nke ngwaahịa ndu Trichoplant ka a nyochachara na nnwale ndị a na-eji ọdịbendị dị ọcha nke ụdị mmepụta Trichoderma longibrachiatum GF 2/6 na phytopathogenic micromycetes (Cladosporium kukerinum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium sporotrichioides, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora infestans, Ọzọaria sp.) dịpụrụ adịpụ site na osisi sitere n'ọrịa dị iche iche: sọpị fusarium, fusarium za, alternariosis, rhizoctoniosis, wdg. A na-ekpebi nrụpụta ihe sitere na ndụ phytopathogenic micromycetes site na ụzọ ọdịbendị okpukpu abụọ na agar-glucose agar (GOST 12044-93) dị ka usoro akọwara na monograph Rudakova (1981, p. 44, ka agbanwere). Irè ndu T. longibrachiatum GF 2/6 n'ihe metụtara phytopathogenic micromycetes, nke gosipụtara n'ụdị mmekọrịta dị iche iche, ka enyochaa ma mara ya dịka okwu si kọwaa na Pat. SU. 1671684 yana mgbakwunye na mgbanwe. Ikwalite mmekorita microparasitic, ejikere microscopic nke udiri “ihe anakpo” dika uzo ndi mmadu si di na mycology, nke a na-ese ma onyonyo site na iji LOMO MIKMED-6 var 7 nke nwere igwe eji eme ihe di iche.
Ngwongwo na-akwalite uto nke ngwaahịa Trichoplant. Dika ihe omumu gosiputara n'okpuru ndu nke TRIHOPLANT, nkpuru osisi toro site na 3.0-12.5%, nkpuru nkpuru nke ihe omumu a kariri 7.7-19.0% (Isiokwu 1).
Tebụl 1. Mmetụta nke ngwaahịa osisi Trichoplant na mgbanwe nke ike nke ahịhịa na mkpụrụ nke mkpụrụ dị iche iche (X ± Sx)Dika ihe omumu a gosiputara, site na nkpuru nke ihe omumu nke TRIHOPLANT, ihe ngosi ndi a dika nkpuru nke nkpuru osisi bu nke toro ogo (site na 0.8-1.4%, Isiokwu 2), mana oge nkpuru nke otu nkpuru toro site na 0, 6-1.0 ụbọchị, tebụl 3). Treatmentme nkpuru nke nkpuru osisi Trichoplant nwere nkpuru na - akpali akpali n’enye ike nke nkpuru igu nkpuru nkpuru siri ike: nkpuru uto a kariri 0,5-2.4 rel. (tab. 5).
Tebụl 2. Mmetụta nke mkpụrụ osisi Trichoplant na mgbanwe nke ọbụbụbụbụbụbụlụ nke mkpụrụ nke mkpụrụ akụ dị iche iche (X ± Sx) 
Tebụl 3. Nsonaazụ nke ngwaahịa Trichoplant na mgbanwe mkpụrụ mkpụrụ osisi nke mkpụrụ dị iche iche (X ± Sx)Dabere na nsonaazụ nke ọmụmụ a, Phoenix 640 dị iche iche kukumba kacha zara maka omume nke ngwaahịa ndu ahụ, na njikọta nke, enwere ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ na ọdịbendị a. Mmụta banyere mmetụta ọgwụ ọgwụ TRIHOPLANT na elu nke akụkụ ikuku na osisi kukumba na ụbọchị nke 7, 14th na ụbọchị 21 gosipụtara na, ma e jiri ya tụnyere njikwa dịgasị iche iche nke nnwale ahụ, ịdị elu nke ikuku akụkụ nke osisi kukumba nke Phoenix 640 dịgasị iche na ụbọchị 7 na nke 14. mụbara site na 12.5-39.1% (table. 5).
Mmụta emere gosipụtara na, iji ya tụnyere njikwa, osisi nke kukumba na ngwaahịa ndu Trichoplant nyere aka na-abawanye ibu mmiri nke akụkụ ikuku site na 21.7% na udu mmiri nke sistem site na 2.2%. Ọgwụ trichoplant nyekwara aka na mmụba na ihe ọkụkụ ahịhịa akọrọ: n'ihe metụtara njikwa ahụ, ịdị arọ nke ikuku ahụ mụbara site na 0.12 g (41,7%), na usoro nke usoro mgbọrọgwụ, na-agbadata, belata 0.019 g (ma ọ bụ 5.9%) okpokoro 6).
Tebụl 4. Mmetụta nke ngwaahịa ogwu Trichoplant na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ike nke mkpụrụ dị iche iche (X ± Sx) 
Isiokwu 5. Mmetụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ Trichoplant na uto na mmepe nke osisi nke Phoenix 640 cucumbers na otu usoro ọgwụgwọ 
Tebụl 6. Mmetụta nke mkpụrụ osisi Trichoplant na usoro nke biomass na-amụba site na mkpụrụ osisi kukumba nke Phoenix 640 icheNgwongwo ndu nke nje Trichoderma longibrachiatum Gf 2/6. Ihe omumu banyere ihe omuma banyere ndu nke aru Trichoderma longibrachiatum GF 2/6, na ibelata uto nke phytopathogenic micromycetes - pathogens of tracheomycosis, fusarium, root rot and spotting, dịka ọmụmaatụ Fusarium avenaceum, F. solani na F. sporotrichioides; Ọzọaria sp., Phytophthora infestans, Rhizoctonia solani, Cladosporium kukerinum gosiri nke ahụ T. longibrachiatum malite na ubochi nke ato na phytopathogens na - emekọ ihe, o gosiputara ihe mmekorita ugwu nke fungistatic, na - egbochi uto nke phytopathogens n'elu nri nke ọka (Fig 1).
Na ubochi nke 4 - nke ise nke imekọ ihe ọnụ, ụdị mbelata nke mpaghara nke mycoses na mmalite nke ngosipụta nke ọgwụ mgbochi na alimentary antagonism ka emere ka umu umu ihe nile mara, bu nke emere ka ubochi asaa gosiputara ya dika mmụba na trichoderma nke ugwu ahụ (Py. 1, 2) . Site n’itinyekwu aka n’ihu, ọchịchị nke phytopathogens gbachiri azụ n’obodo Trichoderma, nyocha nyocha microscopic nke obodo ndị dị otú ahụ gosipụtara foto nke parasitism kpọmkwem. Trichoderma na phytopathogen (Fig 5).
Fig. 1. Mmetụta nke Trichoderma longibrachiatum GF 2/6 na mgbanwe nke uto nke phytopathogenic micromycetes - ọrịa nke tracheomycosis, fusariosis, ntụpọ olive, rhizoctonia, alternariosis na mbubreyo blight. 
Fig. 2. Gbanwee na ihe omimi nke phytopathogenic micromycetes mgbe ejiri T. longibrachiatum GF 2/6 zụlite ya maka ụbọchị asaa: a - Fusarium avenaceum, b - Fusarium solani, c - Fusarium sporotrichioides, d - Cladosporium kukerinum, e - Pest - Rhizoctonia solani, w-Alternaria sp. 
Fig. 3. Alimentary fungistatic antagonism (parasitism kpọmkwem) nke T. longibrachiatum GF 2/6 (abawanye × 16): a - mpaghara mpaghara nke uto nke Trichoderma; b - Trichoderma toro na akụkụ parasitism na F. solani (I) ma ọ bụ F. sporotrichioides (II); c - ugwu nke F. solani (I) ma ọ bụ F. sporotrichioides (II). 
Fig. 4. Ntuzi aka nke T. longibrachiatum GF 2/6 n'ihe metụtara Cladosporium kukerinum (a), Phytophthora infestans (b), Rhizoctonia solani (c) (abawanye × 16) 
Fig. 5. Hyphae nke T. longibrachiatum GF 2/6 (nke akụ gosipụtara) nke batara phytopathogenic micromycete mycelium hyphae Rhizoctonia solani (magn. × 1600)Mmechi Ya mere, dika nsonaazụ nke ọmụmụ a siri gosipụta na mkpụrụ nke ọka, kukumba na mkpụrụ akụ́kụ́ na-emegide nzụlite ngwaahịa biograf TRIHOPLANT na-eme ka mkpụrụ akụ belata site na 3-12%, mkpụrụ nke mkpụrụ ndị a site na 7-19%, ma na-enyere aka iwelie mkpụrụ nke ike site na 0, 5-2,4%. Mmụta emere gosipụtara na ngwaahịa ndu bu TRIHOPLANT, nwere mmetụta na-akpali akpali na uto nke osisi kukumba. N'okpuru mmetụta nke otu ọgwụgwọ, ịdị elu nke akụkụ elu ahụ mụbara na nkezi site na 25.8%, oke mmiri nke akụkụ elu elu ahụ na-abawanye site na 21%, mmụba nke ihe akọrọ dị n'akụkụ elu nke kukumba mụbara site na 41.7%.
Ihe omumu nke ihe omimi nke ihe omumu nke mmanu bio nke TRICHOPLANT - micromycete Trichoderma longibrachiatum nje GF 2/6 megide micromycetes phytopathogenic Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium sporotrichioides, Cladosporium kukerinum, Phytophthora infestans, Rhizoctonia solani na Ọzọaria sp. gosiputara na udiri a nwere onodu ekwuputara na ndu ya, i.e. n'ihe banyere ịmụ banyere ọrịa ọrịa osisi a na-egosipụta ihe ngosipụta biorolrol nke a na-egosipụta na parasitism kpọmkwem (fungistatic alimentary antagonism) n'ihe metụtara F. infestans, Rh. solani, C. kukerinum, F. sporotrichioides, F. solani, F. avenaceum, na Ọzọaria sp; ọgwụ nje fungistatic na ala antagonism na - egbochi ma na - egbochi mmepe nke mycelium nke phytopathogens n'ihe metụtara F. avenaceum, F. solani, F. sporotrichioides, C. kukerinum, Ph. infestans, Rh. solani na Ọzọaria sp.
Sidyakin A.I., Filonenko V.A. - NGO Biotechsoyuz.
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