Hazel, ma ọ bụ hazel n'etiti ọtụtụ mba gbara ọtụtụ akụkọ mgbe ochie, ọdịnala na nkwenkwe ụgha. Yabụ na ndị Slav kwuru na hazel dị na osisi dị nsọ ma dịkwa ọcha, a kwenyere na àmụmà anaghị adaba n'ime ya. Ya mere, n’oge oke mmiri, ha zoro n’okpuru bekee ma kechie alaka ya na bel ma were ihe ọ bụla ha chọrọ iji chebe ya pụọ n’igwe.
Ekwenyere na mkpanaka hazel nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị imenye ekwensu ụjọ, kama ọ chụpụrụ ma gbuo igbu agwọ ahụ, bụ ihe okike ekwensu. E debere alaka Hazel n'ọba iji chụpụ ụmụ oke. Dabere na akụkọ mgbe ochie ndịda Slav, mkpụrụ obi ndị nna nna ndị na-eleta ụwa n'oge a dabere na Atọ n'Ime Otu na hazel. N'elu alaka ya, mkpụrụ obi na-esite n'ụwa ọzọ bịa na ya.
Ukpa hazel. H. ZellA na - akpọ Hazel (hazel) nke ihe ịchọpụtara ihe zoro ezo. Onu ogugu na-acha ọcha na-achokwa n'oge arusi emere ihe ngosi nye ndi Druids, na-egosiputa klas ha na ikike ibu onye ogugu.
N'oge Vikings, a na-eji “ọsụsọ,” “ubi hazel,” bụ́ nke a na-ejibu ebu agha agha, na-eji ma ọ bụ mma. Ma ebe a na-alụ ọgụ (holmganga) na ubi nke ndị agha zuru oke n'etiti ndị agha ka edobere ogige nke hazel, nke gbara ha gburugburu akara anwansi, na-ekewa ndụ kwa ụbọchị na ụwa. A na-eji agha eme ihe, hazel dị ka ihe nchebe kpokọtara. Otu akụkọ mgbe ochie nke ndị Irish na-akọ banyere "ọda mmiri ochie na-ada." Dabere na akụkọ mgbe ochie, osisi anwansi a mere ka njo buru ihe mebiri emebi, ma mgbe McCumhill mere ọta, ya gas ndị ahụ sitere na ya gburu ndị iro.
Enwekwara okwu mgbe ochie “ọta nke Fiona” - akwukwo ihe nkpuchi banyere nchebe nke anwansi. Ejikọtara ya na nke a na-akpọ luaithrindi - ụdị agba agba agba ọtọ na uwe nke ndị dike Celtic, nke mepụtara nro zuru oke nke ndị akpọchiri akpọchi.
Nkọwa
Hazel, ma ọ bụ Hazel (Corylus) - mkpụrụ osisi nke osisi (osisi adịkarịghị) nke ezinụlọ Birch.
Akwụkwọ Hazel dị okirikiri ma ọ bụ oval, kama nnukwu. Thedị akwụkwọ ahụ mere ka aha ndị Russia dị ka ozu - dịka ozu azụ. D’aruo oke ohia ndi nke ghapuru agbari, nke juputara na mmiri.
Okooko osisi unisexual, monoecious. Nwoke - anakọtara site na oke catkins, nke dị na ngalaba dị mkpụmkpụ, na-etolite na ọdịda, overwinter na oge ntoju na mmalite oge opupu ihe ubi tupu akwụkwọ ya apụta. A na-anata ifuru ụmụ nwanyị site na inflorescences n'ụdị buds wee nọdụ abụọ na bosoms nke bracts. Ifuru nwanyi obula nwere udiri eto eto. Akpụ nwa na-adị obere, nke na-eme ihe abụọ, na ya nwere otu ọkpọ (ovule) n'ime akwu nke ọ bụla.
N'ihi mmebi nke otu ihe nwa ebu n'afọ, nwa ebu n'afọ na-abụ nke a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nke nwere mkpụrụ nke mkpụrụ osisi na - enwe mmiri. Mkpụrụ osisi ọ bụla nwere mkpuchi tubular notched gbara gburugburu, nke a na-akpọ gbakwunyere, na-esite na mgbịrịgba na bracts abụọ (prelists) nke ifuru nwanyi. Mkpụrụ nke na-enweghị protein na cotyledons bara ụba nke na-adị n'ime ala n'oge mkpụrụ mkpụrụ.
Osisi filbert, ma ọ bụ Bear Walnut (Corylus colurna). © Lottis 80Hazel na-eto ifuru na Machị. A na-akpụ inflorescences n'ụzọ ezumike tupu oge ifuru. Ifufe na-ebufe pollen. Mkpụrụ chara n'onwe ke August-September, obere mgbe - na njedebe nke July. Mkpụrụ mkpụrụ osisi bụ 40-500 kg / ha. Afọ ị na-ewe ihe ubi na-agbanwe obere mkpụrụ, n'ụfọdụ afọ enweghị mkpụrụ ma ọlị. Mkpụrụ nwere ezigbo germination; ọzọ mmiri, dị ka a na-achị, ha na-akụ. Mkpụrụ-amị mkpụrụ na-amalite ịmị mkpụrụ maka afọ 5-10. Oge ngụkọta afọ nke ọhịa bụ afọ 60-80. N'okike, ọ na-agbasa tumadi site na ụzọ nke ahịhịa ndụ: site na mkpụrụ mgbọrọgwụ na oge ịgba.
Ọ na-etolite n'akụkụ ndị Europe na oke ọhịa nke nwere ọzara na ebe sara mbara, na oke ọhịa, na mpaghara ugwu. Na Caucasus ọ na-agbago ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mita 2000. A na-akọ ya n'ọtụtụ mpaghara nke mba ahụ. N’ime oke ohia a sara mbara, o toro n’ime ogu di omimi, ma onaghi anabatacha ya. Ọ na - eto nke ukwuu na nkọwapụta, nkwakọrịta na ọnụ, mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na --ebe oke ohia dị ọcha n'ọnọdụ ebe oke ọhịa belatara. Mara mma a na-ahụkarị na oke nkpa. Na-ahọrọ calcareous, ọgaranya humus, moderately moistam loam and sandy loam. N'ihi ọtụtụ ihe na-awụba n'oké akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ nri bara ụba na nnu nnu, ọ na-eme ka ala mụpụta. Na winters na ogologo oké frosts ọ freezes.
Ngwa
Mkpụrụ osisi Hazelnut nwere abụba nke 58-71%, protein 14-digis nke ọma, 2-5% sucrose, vitamin B na E, na nnu iron. A na-eri eri ahụ, nke a mịrị amị na nke e ghere eghe (na-acha ọbara ọbara), a na-eji achicha achịcha, ụtọ, ude na ihe ndị ọzọ juru eju. Karịrị ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-eme ihe ụtọ dị njikere na Caucasus. Site na nkpuru ohuru, n'iji obere mmiri na -eme ha “mmiri ara ehi” na “ude”, nke nwere ezigbo nri ma na-atụ aro ya maka ndị ọrịa na-esighi ike. A na-eji ihe ọ coffeeụ toụ kọfị dị ka kọfị mee. A na-eji mkpụrụ akụ na - eme ihe na mmanya. Mmanụ si na mkpụrụ nwere ụtọ na ụtọ, na-enye ezigbo nri, na-eji nri, yana agba na varnish na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ. A na-eji achicha achicha foduru mgbe ịfesịrị mmanụ iji mee halva.
A na-eji osisi eme ihe maka obere ịkwa osisi na ịkpụgharị ọrụ, site na ogwe osisi ha na-eme ọrịrị maka olulu osisi, aka maka ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ugbo, ọwa mmiri; Ejiri alaka dị nkata kpuchie nkata. A na-egbute alaka maka inye anụ ụlọ. A na-eji Sawdust mee Caucasus iji mee ka mmanya na mmanya dị mfe. A na-eji iche osisi sitere na osisi eme ihe maka ịbịaru, tupu ọ gaa ịkụ egbe. Osisi akpọrọ nkụ na-ewepụta “ọgwụ” mmiri ọgwụ, nke e ji agwọ ọrịa ụkwara na ọrịa ndị ọzọ. Osisi ahụ nwere ihe dị ka tannins 10%; enwere ike iji ya mee ihe maka ịmịcha akpụkpọ ahụ.
Hadị hazel ndị ọzọ adịghị mkpa. A na-ekesa variegated hazel na Transbaikalia, Amur Region na Primorye. Ọ na - eme ka akụkụ dị omimi jupụta mpaghara, mana ahịhịa ya adịghị arụpụta nke ọma na ụdị nke mkpụrụ mbu gara aga. A na-ejikwa manchurian hazel na tubular mkpụmkpụ mkpụmkpụ dị na ya, na-ebi na Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ plantswa, a na-ejikwa ya dị ka ahịhịa nri, mana nchịkọta nke mkpụrụ ha siri ezigbo ike n'ihi oke egwu. N’obodo Caucasus, osisi mkpụrụ osisi gbara agba (bekee) na-eto, nke bụ osisi toro ogologo 35 m. Osisi siri ike dị mma nke ụdị a na-enwe ekele dị ukwuu na mmepụta ụlọ. A na-eji mkpụrụ osisi dị ka nri, mana ha nwere shei siri ike.
Na-eto eto
Hazelnuts bụ ndò na-anabata, mana ya na shading siri ike, ha na-amị obere mkpụrụ, akwụkwọ ahụ na-efunahụ agba ha. Ọ ka mma ịkụnye ha n’ebe anwụ na-acha ma na-echebe ya pụọ n’ifufe. Ọgaranya, tụụrụ, drained, ubé podzolic, na-anọpụ iche Ona na-achọsi ike. Ha enweghị mmasị na mmiri dị n'ime ala, acidic, aja, apịtị, ala okwute.
Akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ, ugwu, akụkụ ugwu nke ala ndị dị ala kachasị mma maka ịkụ - na oge udu mmiri na oge opupu mmiri enwere ntakịrị okpomoku na-adị kwa ụbọchị, nke na-ebelata ohere ịdọrọ na ọkụ.
Hazel nkịtị (Corylus avellana). C Isidre blancOsisi Hazel bụ oyi-mmiri, mmiri- na foto. N'oge okooko osisi, ifuru ụmụ nwoke anaghị agbaze na -3 ... -5 Celsius C, na ifuru ụmụ nwanyị na -8 Celsius. N'oge oyi, pollen na catkins anaghị emebi na -30 Celsius.
Maka owuwe ihe ubi karia, ọ dị mkpa ka a kụọ ọtụtụ osisi hazel dị nso - ha nwere pollin wind.
A na-etolite ohia ahụ na akuku 6-10 ma a naghị ebipụ ya. Ikwesiri iwepu naanị alaka gbajiri agbaji na ome ya na-enweghị isi. Site na afọ 20, a na-eji okpu na-eto eto dochie okporo osisi ochie, na-agbatị 2-3 kwa afọ. Mgbe ị na-akpụ osisi hazel n'ụdị osisi, a na-ahọrọ otu ogwe osisi yana 4-5 alaka ya na-etolite n'ogologo 50-60 cm. A na-ewepụ oge ịse osisi. Varietal hazel na-enye kilogram 3-4 nke mkpụrụ osisi site na ohia.
A na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi Hazel na oge opupu ihe ubi ma ọ bụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, na anya nke 3-4 m site na ibe ha. Tupu ịgha mkpụrụ, a na-egbutu mgbọrọgwụ ya ma ọ bụ tinye ya na ụrọ ma ọ bụ nsị nsị anụ. Ntọala mgbọrọgwụ kwesịrị ịbụ 3-4 cm karịa ọkwa ala.
Ọ bụ ihe amamihe dị na ya ịgbakwunye ala sitere n'okpuru bushes hazel ochie na olulu akuku, ebe ọ bụ na n'ime ya ka microflora dị mkpa maka ihe ọkụkụ. Mgbe ịghachara, gbanye ohia ma gha ya ahihia ma ọ bụ peat.
Maka ịlanarị mmiri n'oge opupu ihe ubi, a na-ebipụ alaka ndị ahụ n'ogo nke 10-15 cm site na ala, na-ahapụ 3-5.
Ojiji
Hazel na-agbasa site na mkpụrụ, yana ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi, na-ekewa ohia, na-eme nri, mkpụrụ mgbọrọgwụ.
Easiestzọ kachasị nfe bụ ịkọ ahịhịa. Site na shọvel dị nkọ, 1-2 na-eto eto ị na-ejikọ ya na usoro mgbọrọgwụ yana nnukwu akpụ nke ụwa. Mgbe a na-atụgharị, a na-eme ntanye site na elu nke cm cm site na ala iji mee ka ọhụụ nke oge ịse ọhụụ wee mepụta mbipụta ahụ ọ kachasị nke ọma. Akụkụ nke osisi ahụ nwere ihe karịrị 15 cm na-agbanye mkpọrọgwụ nke ọma.
Mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke seedlings chọrọ, na osisi ndị na-enye mkpụrụ dị ole na ole, a na-ewepụ alaka kwụ ọtọ na arcuate. N'oge opupu ihe ubi, a na-egbutu alaka ma kpọnye ya na akwa dị omimi nke 10-15 cm, kọọ ma kpuchie ụwa. A na-ebulikwa elu nke alaka ndị a (opekata mpe 10 cm) n’elu ala ma kegide ha na mkpọ. Mgbe afọ 1-2 gachara, a na-ekewapụ mkpụrụ sitere na mkpọrọgwụ ma na-atụgharị gaa n'ebe na-adịgide adịgide.
Site na mgbasa nke nkpuru, a na-ekewa ihe iriba ama nke osisi nne na ichekwa ụdị ndị ahụ. Oge mkpụrụ na-egbu oge. Maka ịkọ, họrọ akụ toro eto nke dara n'ime ọhịa. A na-akụ ha n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ruo omimi nke 7-8 cm, ma ọ bụ n'oge opupu ihe omimi nke 5-6 cm. Site na mkpụrụ, mkpụrụ osisi hazelnuts na osisi hazel na-abanye n'oge mkpụrụ naanị maka afọ 5-8. Mgbe ahịhịa ndụ maka afọ 3-4.
Enwere ike ịgha site na inoculation site na inoculation na akụrụ ma ọ bụ mkpụkpọ na hazel ma na-agba hazel. Okwu kachasị mma maka ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa akụrụ (budding) n'etiti larịị bụ njedebe nke July - mbido August, mgbe rootstock na osisi dị mfe iche na osisi. Akụrụ (anya) maka ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi na-esite na akụkụ lignified nke Ome nke afọ a. Tupu ịmalite ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi yana ịkpụ anya site na oge ịgba nke aka dịgasị iche iche, a na-asacha ahịhịa ahụ nke pubescence. Gba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa na osisi a na-eme n'ụzọ ndị a: ịchụpu osisi, kewara, n'ụgbụgbọ. A na-egbute cutị na mgbụsị akwụkwọ, ọ bụ ezie na ị nwere ike wedata ya na mmiri tupu buds emepe tupu ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi.
Umu anumanu
Hazel nkịtị (Corylus avellana).
Ọ bụ osisi dị ogologo ruo 5 m, na-enwe isi awọ n'ụkwụ ya, alaka ya, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ ya ruo 12 cm n'ogologo na 9 cm n'obosara. A na-edobe ọla ntị nke Hazel n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, oge ntoju ha na ntụpọ ha, nke na-eme tupu akwụkwọ ahụ apụta, bụ akara mmalite nke oge opupu ihe ubi. A na-ejikọtara mkpụrụ osisi 2-5 ọnụ ma kpuchie ya na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, nke na-enwe akwụkwọ akwụkwụ abụọ. Mgbe ripening - na Septemba - mkpụrụ ga-ada na akwa. Mkpụrụ osisi ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okirikiri, ruo 1.5 cm n'obosara, agba aja aja. Hazel juru ebe nile ma n'ọdịbendị na mpaghara Europe na Caucasus nke dị n'okpuru ọhịa nke ahịhịa juru, karịchaa.
Hazel nkịtị. H. ZellỌ na-eto na ala nwere mmiri wayo, nke nwere ezigbo mmiri mmiri. Dịka anyị kwurula, mkpụrụ osisi dị mma ma sie ezigbo ike, ha nwere abụba ruru 65%, protein 16%, shuga 3.5%, vitamin. Ha na -eme halva, swiiti, chọkọleti, bọta, nke almọnd ma jiri ya mee ihe maka nri ma maka ịkwado varnish na paints. Ọcha nwere agba aja aja dị mfe, osisi siri ike ma sie ike nke hazel na-agbanwe agbanwe, ọ na-emepụta ngwaahịa ndị nwere agbaji - arịa ụlọ, ihe mkpuchi.Ọ na-enye ezigbo unyi na-aga ịbịaru pensụl. Ọ bụ ezie na hazel na-eto ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụwa niile, ihe ọkụkụ ya na-akọ ihe ka ukwuu bụ ndịda, ebe a na-egbukarị ya. Withdị nwere akwụkwọ acha ọbara ọbara na-acha ọbara ọbara.
Osisi filbert (Corylus colurna).
Naanị osisi hazel na-eto na Caucasus na Asia Minor, na oke ọhịa na-emebi emebi, na-eru ogo 20 m na okike, na-enwe ogwe kwụ ọtọ, ahịhịa na-acha odo odo nwere nnukwu mgbawa, efere. Epuchiri akwa gbara agba ma ọ bụ gbaa ya gburugburu ruo cm 12. Nwoke ụmụ nwoke na ọla ntị, ifuru ụmụ nwanyị bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụ anya, na-esichaghị ike ịhụ site na oghere mmeghe.
Osisi Hazel. Tim Sheerman-ChaseMkpụrụ osisi na velvety kpuchie - a gbakwunyere, n'ọnụ ya nke na-ebipụ n'ime warara lobes. Ukpa nwere nnukwu shei siri ike. Ọ blooms ke April, mkpụrụ chara n'onwe ke September. Na omenaala, n'ihi ikpo ọkụ nke ịhụnanya, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịgabiga ókè ọdịdị ya, mana a na-ahụ ya na steeti Baltic.
Osisi Hazelnut. Aters Tim MmiriHazelnuts (Corylus heterophylla).
Srub to 3 m ogologo, toro na Eastern Siberia, tere East, China, Korea, Japan na ọhịa coniferous-deciduous na mpụga, ikpochapụ. Ọ dị iche na nke osisi na-ewu ewu nwere mkpịsị apị apị ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ nke ihe na-emebi emebi. Nwoke ụmụ nwoke na ọla ntị, okooko osisi nke ụmụ nwanyị fọrọ nke nta ka ha ghara ịhụ anya, na-acha ọbara ọbara, na buds. Ọ blooms ke April, mkpụrụ chara n'onwe ke August - September. A na-eji mkpụrụ osisi kpuchie mkpụrụ osisi kpamkpam, a na-anakọta 2-3 na nsọtụ nke alaka.
Hazelnuts (Corylus heterophylla). KENPEIMkpụrụ n'ime afọ 9. Omenala nwere ike tolite na uzo nile di na St. Petersburg na north. Propagated site na-agha mkpụrụ maka mkpụrụ n'oge opupu ihe ubi ma ọ bụ tupu oge oyi. Elere anya mee ka ọdịbendị ahụ pụta n’afọ 1880
