Pepino, ma ọ bụ Melon Pear si South America

Pepino nwere aha ndi ozo - mango kukumba, kukumba di nma, egwusi ohia, ube. Osisi a bụ ezinụlọ nke abalị, ọ bụkwa onye ikwu ya na ose, tomato, eggplant, physalis na nduku. N’ile anya, pepino yiri ọtụtụ ọdịnala n’otu oge: ọka ya na-adị ka ifuru, akwụkwọ ya na-adịkarị ka akwụkwọ ose, obere oge - dị ka akwụkwọ tomato na nduku, ifuru ya dịkwa ka poteto. Na, n'ikpeazụ, ihe kachasị mkpa - pepinos nwere mkpụrụ lemon-edo edo na-adịghị ahụkebe site na enweghị mkpụmkpụ nke nwere oghere dị larịị, jiri ụdọ lilac dị ogologo, na-eri site na 150 ruo 750 g.

Pepino, ma ọ bụ Melon ube (Solanum muricatum) - otu mgbe ochie nke ezinụlọ Solanaceae.

Enwere ike ịnụ ụtọ isi pepino site na iguzo n'akụkụ osisi eyịride na mkpụrụ osisi chara acha. Melon esi ísì ụtọ, mana ka akọwapụtara nke ọma, na-echetara strawberries na mangoes n'otu oge. Mkpụrụ osisi pepino na-acha odo odo-orora, kemmiri ihe (dị ka ube chara acha) ma dị oke nro, ọgaranya na carotene, vitamin B1, PP, na iron. Mkpụrụ osisi Pepino dị ọhụrụ. Na mgbakwunye, a na-agbakwunye ha nke ọma na compotes site na apụl, aprịkọ, plums na pears. Ihe melon plon bụ naanị ihe a na-atụ ụjọ.

Akụkọ dị ụtọ nke akwukwo nri a na - adịghị ahụkebe. Ná mmalite narị afọ nke XX. Na nso obodo Nazca (Peru), ndị na-amụ banyere ihe mgbe ochie hụrụ arịa ochie ụrọ na-e copomi mkpụrụ pepino n'ụdị na nha ya. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-atụ aro na arịa a malitere na mmalite nke narị afọ iri mbụ BC. e. Enwere ntụaka banyere ojiji nke mkpụrụ nke egusi ube site na Incas oge ochie.

Pepino, ma ọ bụ Melon Pear. © Michael Wolf

Akụkọ banyere ọdịbendị na ụdị ụlọ

Onye na-elekọta ogige Royal Royal nke Paris wetara pọmpụ pia na 1785, na Russia na nke mbụ ha hụrụ pepino na 1889 na ngosipụta ọrụ ugbo na St Petersburg. Emperor Emperor nke Atọ nwere mmasị na mkpụrụ pepino nke ukwuu nke na o nyere iwu ka a kọọ osisi ahụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nke eze ukwu. N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, mkpụrụ ọ bụla n'oge ahụ kwesịrị 1 kopeck., Na mkpuru osisi ahụ gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ (stepon) - 1.5 rubles. N'oge ahụ ọ dị oke ọnụ, na-atụle na mgbe ahụ jiri oke ehi ahụ kpọrọ ihe ruru 3 rubles.

Agbanyeghị, n'afọ ndị ahụ mgbanwe, echefuru ọdịbendị. N'ọgwụgwụ afọ 1920, N. I. Vavilov na ụmụ akwụkwọ ya gara njem gaa South America maka ihe ọmụmụ wee gbakọta ọtụtụ osisi kụrụ, tinyere ụdị mkpụrụ osisi egusi dị iche iche, mana n'etiti afọ 1930 ọdịbendị fọrọ nke nta ka ọ kwụsị.

N'ụbọchị ndị a, a na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi melon na Peru, Chile, Ekwedọọ, Australia, New Zealand, Israel, na Holland. Dabere na ndị ọkachamara Dutch, a pụrụ inweta kilogram 30 pepino kwa 1 m2 n’ala a na-echebe (ya bụ, otu mkpụrụ akụ a na-etinye na ose).

N'afọ 1997, ndị ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ugbo Gavrish butere ihe nlele pepino sitere na Israel na Latin America. N'ọdịnihu, a họọrọ mkpụrụ nke pepino nke Israel (Ramses dị iche iche) na pepino Latin America (iche iche Consuelo) sitere.

Pepino, ma ọ bụ Melon Pear

Na-eto pepino n'ụlọ

Ihe omuma nke nkpuru osisi nke gusi melonia di kwa nma. Osisi ahụ nwere ụdị ohia, ya na ọtụtụ ụzọ dị a stepsaa, na usoro nke ike ibu ya na eggplant. Pepino lignị siri ike na -agwe mmiri oge dị mkpirikpi iji belata 2-3 ºС. N'ihi elu nke mgbọrọgwụ, osisi ahụ na-achọsi ike na mmiri, ọkachasị ndị Consuelo, nke nwere ụkọ mmiri.

Dabere na ihe achọrọ maka ala, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na iru mmiri, ihe oriri nke mineral, sọks melon yiri tomato. N'ihi ya, amanyere bụ iwu nke ugbo omume - guzobe osisi (na otu, abụọ, atọ gị), mwepụ nkeonsons, garter ka ihe akudoro akudo, trellis. Site na imeju pepino n'otu azuokokoosisi, nkpuru ya na-eto ngwa ngwa, ma ha na-abụ ihe na-erughị mgbe ha na-etolite n'ime atọ.

Ọ bụ ihe na-achọsi ike ka osisi abụọ n’ime akịrị atọ ma ọ bụ osisi atọ n’abụ abụọ ga-eto na 1 m². N'oge okooko osisi pepino, ikuku dị mma dị mkpa, maka pollination ka mma, ịmị ọkụ ọkụ na mkpanaka na trellis, dị ka tomato, ma na-ekiri usoro ikuku chọrọ: ọbụlagodi 18 Celsius C n'abalị (ma ọ bụghị ifuru, ovaries na-ada), ọ dịghị elu karịa 25-28 Celsius C n'ehihie.

Mgbe ị na -eme ya, ọ ga - enwerịrị mbọ ike na eriri pepino apụtaghị ihe ọ bụla site na eriri siri ike. Ikwesiri ka ị tuo osisi otutu mgbe, na-adọtu ahihia akuku, na tobe - ọ ka mma ịbelata oge. A na-ejikọtara mkpụrụ osisi atọ n'otu aka, obere oge isii ma ọ bụ asaa, mana ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ inweta mkpụrụ osisi buru ibu, hapụ otu mkpụrụ osisi abụọ ma ọ bụ abụọ na ahịhịa.

Na nnukwu ọdịiche dị na ala mmiri n'oge ịmị mkpụrụ, mkpụrụ pepino nwere ike ịgbawa ka tomato. Ihe ịrịba ama nke mkpụrụ osisi na - akụ: ọdịdị nke akpịrị Lilac, na-acha odo odo, ọdịdị nke okpukpo klon. Mkpụrụ osisi pepino toro eto siri ezigbo ike, yabụ ị ga-akpachara anya nke ọma.

Mkpụrụ osisi pel dị elu, siri ike. N’adịghị ka ose na eggplant, mkpụrụ osisi tozuru okè, mkpụrụ osisi na-adịghị edozi nwere ike ịchekwa ya na friji ruo ọnwa 1.5 (Ramses) na ọbụna ruo 2.5 (Consuelo). Mkpụrụ osisi Pepino na-enwe ike itolite, mana n'otu oge ahụ ha nwere shuga dị ala karịa ka ha tochara na ohia.

Pepino, ma ọ bụ Melon Pear. © Philipp Weigell

Mkpụrụ nke pepino “Ramses” na-adị ilu mgbe ụfọdụ, mana “Consuelo” adịghị. Na mkpokọta, pepino Ramzez nwere ọtụtụ ihe ị nwere ike ịnagide karịa ndị Consuelo. Agbanyeghị, n'ihe banyere ịdị mma na njigide dị mma, nke ikpeazụ ka mma. Site n'ụzọ, na Repes pepino, mgbe agbazuchara, obere ụgbụ nwere ike ịpụta, dị ka egusi.

Site na germination rue okooko pepino ụbọchị 75 gafere, site na ịgbanye mkpọrọgwụ na ugwu - ụbọchị 45-60 (mkpụrụokwu mbụ sitere na elu internode), site na okooko rue na agbazu - ụbọchị 75. Na mkpokọta, oge nke ahihia pepino bụ ụbọchị 120-150, yabụ ịgha mkpụrụ, ịkwesịrị ịhapụ ụmụ nwoke (na etiti Russia) site na mbubreyo February. Mkpụrụ osisi Pepino anaghị agbatị, mana izu atọ ma ọ bụ anọ mbụ tolitere nwayọ, ekpughe ọkụ dị ha mkpa.

Ọ ka mma-akụ osisi na ihe nkiri greenhouses na njedebe nke May (guzobere bụ mma ka otu azuokokoosisi). Mkpụrụ osisi Pepino na-etokarị na August. Melon ube bụ osisi na-acha mkpụrụ osisi ma nwee ike ịdị ndụ afọ ise (dị ka ose na eggplant), mana ugbua n'afọ nke abụọ mkpụrụ osisi dị obere.

A na-emegharị ihe ọkụkụ ahụ nke ọma ka ọ na-eto n'ọdịbendị ite, na-edobere ya, na-agbaso nri, ọkụ na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ. N'afọ gara aga, etolitere m mkpụrụ osisi bekee na mbara ihu (n'akụkụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ) wee nweta mkpụrụ osisi na-atọ ụtọ.

Melon pear jam

A na-egbute mkpụrụ osisi pepino na-acha ma bee n'ime Mpekere. 1 n'arọ nke mkpụrụ osisi were 1 n'arọ nke shuga granulated, 1 tbsp. a ngaji nke citric acid. Mpempe akwụkwọ na-atọ ụtọ nke ukwuu, yabụ enweghị mmiri agbakwunye. Site na mkpali mgbe nile, weta nke a ma sie ya ruo nkeji 3-5, wepụta maka minit 20-30, weghachite ite aka ma sie nri maka minit 3-5. Ya mere, ọtụtụ oge ruo mgbe Mpekere na sirop nweta mara mma ọla edo amba agba. N'itinye nri ogologo, pepino jam na-agba ọchịchịrị ma na-esighi ike.