Jerusalem atịchok, ma ọ bụ ube ụrọ

Ala obodo Jerusalem artichoke (ụrọ kpụọ) bụ North America, ebe ndị India kụrụ ya site na mgbe ochie. Na Europe, a malitere etolite ụrọ tupu ya akụ. Na 1613, ndị njem France butere Tu-Pinambo India na Europe. Ka oge na-aga, nke a dabara na mgbasa nke ube ụrọ, ya mere aha nri akwụkwọ nri a na-adịghị ahụkebe.

Site na France, omenaala gbasara Europe nile. Ihe omuma mbu banyere oru nke artichoke nke Jerusalem na obodo anyi sitere na nkera nke abuo nke 18th. A na-ahụzi ube ọhịa ugbu a na Ukraine na North Ossetia.

Jerusalem artichokema ọ bụ Sunflower butere (Helianthus tuberosusbụ ụdị nke ahịhịa na-eto eto nke ahịhịa na-eto eto nke ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ sunflower nke ezinụlọ Astrovian (Asteraceae) A makwaara ihe ọkụkụ ahụ n'okpuru aha "ụrọ ụrọ", "Jerusalem artichoke", "bulba", "boulevard", "na-akụ".

Ihe nkaa juru ebe nile na Jerusalem malitere n’oge anyi, site na nmalite nke 30-nke nke abubu a. A na-elebara nlebara anya dị ukwuu anya maka mmepe na mgbanwe nke ọdụ ụrọ Maikop ahọrọ. N'ebe a, na nke mbụ, ha nwere ngwakọ nke Jerusalem artichoke na sunflower, a na-akpọ topis sunflower. A kụrụ anụmanụ abụọ ahụ maka nri na nri.

Jerusalem artichoke, ma ọ bụ Tuberous sunflower (Helianthus tuberosus). © Wilder Kaiser

Ojiji nke Jerusalem artichoke

A na-eji akụkụ ikuku nke Jerusalem artichoke mee ihe maka ahịhịa, na tubers - maka nri dịka nri anụmanụ na-enye ihe oriri. A na - eri ehi, ewu, ezì, nnụnụ na -eri Jeruselem artichoke na toxin ngwa ngwa. A na-ewepụta Fructose, nri nri bara uru na nri. A na - enweta Fructose site na hydrolysis nke inulin, ihe bụ isi nchekwa ihe maka tubers. Ọkpụkpụ na-anọchi anya ya nke ọma n'ime ha; ọ dị okpukpu atọ karịa n'ebe na nduku. Ọ bụ ya mere mgbe ị na-eri nri tubers na piglets, ha anaghị ata ahụhụ.

Emere Tominambour nwere oghere dị elu toro ogologo ya na ọtụtụ ome n'akụkụ. N'oge ogbugba mmiri n'ubi, osisi ahụ na-eto nnukwu ahịhịa ndụ. Heightdị elu nke osisi na-erukarị mita 3. Na-akụ mmiri na ịkụkọ ihe dị iche iche, ịdị elu nke osisi anaghị agafe mita 2. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị na-elekọta ubi na-eji Jerusalem artichoke dị ka ahịhịa dị n'azụ ahịhịa.

Akụkụ ájá dị n'elu ájá ụrọ, nke a wapụtara na July, agaghị amịju ahịhịa. A na-eri ya ngwa ngwa site na anụ ụlọ, mgbe ị na-aghakwa ahụekere na artichoke na Jerusalem, nri ka nwere protein.

Jerusalem artichoke tubers. © Hans B

Nkọwa nke Jerusalem artichoke

N'ihi na ụrọ pears na sunflower osisi, yana maka poteto, tubers etolite na n'okpuruala stolons. Shapedị ha bụ nke nwere ube ma ọ bụ nke nwere oghere. Ha dịgasị iche nha na ụcha. Enwere tubers na-acha ọcha, odo, odo odo, pink, ọbara ọbara.

Jerusalem artichoke inflorescence bụ nkata nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ, yiri nkata obere akpa sunflower. N’oge ọkọchị, osisi ndị dị n’Ebe A na-adịghị Black Earth anaghị eto oge ntoju, ma n’ebe ndịda, ọ bụghị naanị na ha na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ, kama ha na-amịkwa mkpụrụ. Nke a na osisi na-propagated tumadi site tubers.

Ihe di oke onu ahia nke ube bu oyi iguzogide ya. Cheedị banyere mkpụrụ ya, ebe ọ tọchara n'ime ala, dị ka a ga-asị na ọ nweghị ihe mere n'oge opupu ihe ubi, ha na-amalite itolite. Mkpụrụ osisi sunflower na-enweghị mmiri oyi na oyi na ala ka njọ. Mkpụrụ osisi abụọ ahụ pulitere na 7 ... 8 ºС. Stems ga na-eto nke ọma na 16 ... 20ºС.

Na-eto Jeruselem artichoke

Akụkụ ikuku na mbido mmalite nke itolụ na-amalite nwayọ; uto na-abawanye na July. Na mpaghara ugwu, ahịhịa na-acha aja aja na-abawanye mmiri (cheta nke a nke ọma). Ke ufọt ufọt July, mgbe tubers bụ nke nke acorn, ị nwere ike imefu akpa nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Mskpụ anaghị eto oke ala, na-ahapụ ụzọ abụọ nke obere akwụkwọ emebibeghị. Oge ngwụcha ga-eto site na sinuses nke akwụkwọ ndị a. Mgbaji nke abụọ ga-eto na ngwụsị August. Nke a bụ ihe mere mgbe a na-akọ Jeruselem maka nka anụ ụlọ. Abụọ ma akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ma ahịhịa nri kwadebere na ya.

Mgbe ị na-akụ ube na-acha uhie uhie na tubers, a na-ewepụ ahịhịa ndụ na ọdịda, mgbe a na-acha ya silted. A na-egwu olulu ma ọ bụ hapụ n'ala n'ime oge oyi. Mgbe ị na-eme omenala ogologo oge, Jerusalem artichoke toro n'otu ebe ruo afọ 15 ma ọ bụ karịa. Edenye aha n'okwu mgbe Jerusalem artichoke toro n'otu ebe ihe karịrị afọ iri anọ.

Ọ bara uru karịsịa na-eto eto artichoke na-agbanweghi agbanwe na mpaghara edebere maka ezì na-ata nri. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-egbute ahịhịa ndụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, a na-ewepụtakwa tubers n'oge oyi. N'oge opupu ihe ubi, ụmụ anụmanụ na-egwu ala. N'otu isi, akwadoro 4-5 m² nke ala maka ụmụ anụmanụ na 6-8 m and maka ezì okenye. Tubers nwekwara ike nye nri steamed.

Mgbe grazing, tupu tubers pulite, ala a ga-gwuru elu, boo ma nye. Jerusalem atịchok ga-amaliteghachi na ọka ndị ọzọ dị n’ala.

Jerusalem artichoke, ma ọ bụ Tuberous sunflower. A makwaara ihe ọkụkụ ahụ n'okpuru aha "ụrọ ụrọ", "Jerusalem artichoke", "bulba", "boulevard", "na-akụ". © Paul Fenwick

Jerusalem artichoke elekọta

Mgbe ịmụta osisi a, na-n'uche na ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ unpretentious ka ala na ọnọdụ ihu igwe na ọnọdụ, ọ dịghị anabataghị waterlogged arọ Ona. Iji fatịlaịza bụ nnọọ anabata. Owuwe ihe ubi n’ime mpaghara ịgba agba na-abawanye ugboro 1.5-2.

N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, n'okpuru ihe ọkụkụ nke ahịhịa ụrọ ọhụrụ, a na-eweta nri ma na-egwu olulu ahụ. N'oge mbido oge opupu ihe ubi, a gha na-egwu ala ọzọ, ya na apịkọta apị ahụ. Akara saịtị ahụ na ụzọ abụọ, nke mere na ịnweta 70X70 cm square.

Nt ku osisi Jerusalem artichoke

A na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi opupu na mmalite oge opupu ihe ubi ma ọ bụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ. N'ebe a hụrụ ntụpọ ma ọ bụ ụmụ oke, a na-akụ Jerusalem artichoke na mmiri. N’ebe a na-eme anụ ahụ, a na-etinye obere obere 2-3 ma ọ bụ abụọ ọkara n’ime olulu mmiri ọ bụla. Mgbe ahụ wụsara 1 nju aka humus. Ihe omimi nke ntinye ihe akuku na oge opupu ihe ubi bu 8 - 10 cm, ma ọdịda - 12-15 cm.

A na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi ụrọ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ozugbo igwu ala ha na saịtị ndị ọzọ. N'okwu a, stolons (outgrowths) anaghị ebipụ. Ọ bụrụ na a kpọnwụsịrị tubers tupu ịkụ, a na-agbada ha ruo ụbọchị 2-3 n'ime mmiri. Rịba ama na ọdịda, ịgha mkpụrụ tubers adịghị ebipụ, na oge opupu ihe ubi, ha nwere ike kewaa. N'agbanyeghị na anya, nke a na-akụ akụ na akụ, Jerusalem artichoke nwere ike ịgbasa na oge opupu ihe ubi.

Ifuru gaa Jeruselem Ruslan V. Albitsky

Dị ka ome ahụ pụtara, tupu e mechie ahịrị ndị ahụ, a tọpụrụ okporo ụzọ ahụ ugboro abụọ. Site na iji mmiri zuru ezu n'oge ọgwụgwọ nke ikpeazụ, a na-agbanye osisi. N'okpuru ọgwụgwọ nke abụọ, a na-enye urea nri - 10-15 g / m². Y’oburu na ikacha amara nke Jerusalem dika omenaala, mgbe ahu igha iweta ahihia n’ime ahihia 5 obula (na udu mmiri). N'oge opupu ihe ubi, mgbe ịghasịrị mkpụrụ ọka, ha na-enyekwa nitrogen, phosphorus na fatịlaịza - 10-15 g / m² nke ọ bụla.

Owuwe ihe ubi na nchekwa

Okwesiri iburu n'uche: n'oge oge opupu ihe ubi na-aghọrọ mkpụrụ ọka Jeriko na-abụkarị okpukpu 1.5 dị elu karịa n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, a na-ewepu ọka dịka mbubreyo: rue October, nri na-esi na ya pụta na akwara nke nchekwa. Maka nchekwa, a na-atụgharị nests ahụ kpam kpam. Chekwaa n’olulu e gwuru n’obere ebe ala dị larịị ma ọ bụ n’obere ụlọ, na-awụkwasị ájá ndị nwere ájá. Ọnọdụ nchekwa nchekwa adịghị elu karịa 1 ... 2 ºС. Nke mere na gwuru elu tubers adịghị nkụ, ha na-tọrọ na nchekwa ozugbo owuwe ihe ubi.

Ọrịa na ụmụ ahụhụ na Jerusalem artichoke

Tominambur na sunflower na-eguzogide ọrịa na nje. Ma mgbe ụfọdụ na oke okwute ma ọ bụ ala igwu mmiri, sclerotinia na-emetụta ha. Ọrịa ahụ na-emebi carrots na ifuru anyanwụ. Ọ bụ ya mere ọdịnala ndị a enweghị ike idowe ya otu otu.

Otu iche iche nke Jerusalem artichoke

Ruo ugbu a, ndị na-azụ nwa agbaala ọtụtụ ụdị artichoke nke Jerusalem. Lee ụfọdụ n'ime ha: White Yield, Volzhsky, Mmasị, Nakhodka, Vadim, Saratov, Tambov, Leningrad White, Kiev White, ngwakọ 15, wdg.

Jerusalem artichoke Ezi ntụziaka

A na-akwadebe efere ndị na-atọ ụtọ site na ube ájá. Naanị buru n'uche na peeled ikuku dị n'ikuku ngwa ngwa gbaa ọchịchịrị. A na-ehicha ha site na ọkpụkpụ, osisi ma ọ bụ igwe anaghị agba nchara wee debe ya na mmiri oyi, jiri ntakịrị mmanya gbanyere mmiri tupu ha ejiri ya.

Bekee ụrọ kpụọ. A na-etinye mkpụrụ osisi a na-asa ahụ na mpempe akwụkwọ a na-eme achịcha, a na-esi na oven maka minit 40-50 na obere okpomọkụ. Jiri mmanụ tee na peel ma ọ bụ kpoo ya. Na-atọ ụtọ, nnu na ose.
Ala na-eko achịcha. A na-egbutu ọka ahụ, sie ya na mmiri nnu, tụkwasị na efere ma jiri mmanụ ihe oriri wụọ ya, fesaa ya na nkụ.

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